Form 10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31,
2009
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from
to
Commission File Number 1-5231
McDONALDS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware (State or other
jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
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36-2361282 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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One McDonalds Plaza Oak
Brook, Illinois (Address of principal executive offices) |
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60523 (Zip code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (630) 623-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common stock, $.01 par value 8-7/8% Debentures due 2011 6-3/8% Debentures due 2028 |
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New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant
is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the
registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best
of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a
large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
Large accelerated
filer x Accelerated
filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (do not check
if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of common stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2009 was $62,710,000,131.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock as
of January 31, 2010 was 1,075,960,799.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates information by reference from the registrants 2010 definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days
after December 31, 2009.
McDONALDS CORPORATION
INDEX
All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners and are used with permission.
PART I
ITEM 1. Business
McDonalds Corporation, the registrant, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to herein as the Company.
a. General
development of business
During 2009, there have been no material changes to the Companys corporate structure or in its method of conducting
business. In 2009, the Company has continued the process it began in 2005 to realign certain subsidiaries to develop a corporate structure within its geographic segments that better reflects the operation of the McDonalds worldwide business.
b. Financial information about segments
Segment
data for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 are included in Part II, Item 8, page 44 of this Form 10-K.
c. Narrative
description of business
The Company franchises
and operates McDonalds restaurants in the food service industry. These restaurants serve a varied, yet limited, value-priced menu (see Products) in more than 100 countries around the world.
All restaurants are operated either by the Company or by franchisees, including conventional franchisees under franchise arrangements, and foreign
affiliated markets and developmental licensees under license agreements.
The Companys operations are designed to assure
consistency and high quality at every restaurant. When granting franchises or licenses, the Company is selective and generally is not in the practice of franchising to passive investors.
Under the conventional franchise arrangement, franchisees provide a portion of the capital required by initially investing in the equipment, signs,
seating and décor of their restaurant businesses, and by reinvesting in the business over time. The Company owns the land and building or secures long-term leases for both Company-operated and conventional franchised restaurant sites. In
certain circumstances, the Company participates in reinvestment for conventional franchised restaurants. A discussion regarding site selection is included in Part I, Item 2, page 6 of this Form 10-K.
Conventional franchisees contribute to the Companys revenue stream through the payment of rent and royalties based upon a percent of sales, with
specified minimum rent payments, along with initial fees received upon the opening of a new restaurant or the granting of a new franchise term. The conventional franchise arrangement typically lasts 20 years, and franchising practices are generally
consistent throughout the world. Over 70% of franchised restaurants operate under conventional franchise arrangements.
The Company has
an equity investment in a limited number of foreign affiliated markets, referred to as affiliates. The largest of these affiliates is Japan, where there are 3,714 restaurants. The Company receives a royalty based on a percent of sales in these
markets.
Under a developmental license arrangement, licensees provide capital for the entire business,
including the real estate interest. While the Company has no capital invested, it receives a royalty based on a percent of sales, as well as initial fees. During 2007, the Company sold its businesses in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Puerto Rico,
Venezuela and 13 other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, which totaled 1,571 restaurants, to a developmental licensee organization. These markets are referred to as Latam.
The Company and its franchisees purchase food, packaging, equipment and other goods from numerous independent suppliers. The Company has established
and strictly enforces high quality standards and product specifications. The Company has quality assurance labs around the world to ensure that its high standards are consistently met. The quality assurance process not only involves ongoing product
reviews, but also on-site inspections of suppliers facilities. Further, a quality assurance board, composed of the Companys technical, safety and supply chain specialists, provides strategic global leadership for all aspects of food
quality and safety. In addition, the Company works closely with suppliers to encourage innovation, assure best practices and drive continuous improvement. Leveraging scale, supply chain infrastructure and risk management strategies, the Company also
collaborates with suppliers toward a goal of achieving competitive, predictable food and paper costs over the long term.
Independently
owned and operated distribution centers, approved by the Company, distribute products and supplies to most McDonalds restaurants. In addition, restaurant personnel are trained in the proper storage, handling and preparation of products and in
the delivery of customer service.
McDonalds global brand is well known. Marketing, promotional and public relations activities are
designed to promote McDonalds brand image and differentiate the Company from competitors. Marketing and promotional efforts focus on value, food taste, menu choice and the customer experience. The Company endeavors to continuously improve its
social and environmental performance to achieve long-term sustainability, which benefits McDonalds and the communities it serves.
In February 2009, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in Redbox Automated Retail, LLC. and in April 2008, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in U.K.-based Pret A Manger. The Company operated Boston Market in the
U.S., prior to its sale in August 2007.
McDonalds
restaurants offer a substantially uniform menu, although there may be geographic variations. In addition, McDonalds tests new products on an ongoing basis.
McDonalds menu includes hamburgers and cheeseburgers, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Filet-O-Fish, several chicken sandwiches, Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, Snack Wraps, french fries, premium
salads, shakes, McFlurry desserts, sundaes, soft serve cones, pies, cookies, soft drinks, coffee, McCafé beverages and other beverages. In addition, the restaurants sell a variety of other products during limited-time promotions.
McDonalds restaurants in the U.S. and many international markets offer a full or limited breakfast menu. Breakfast offerings may include Egg
McMuffin, Sausage McMuffin with Egg, McGriddles, biscuit and bagel sandwiches, hotcakes and muffins.
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The
Company owns or is licensed to use valuable intellectual property including trademarks, service marks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary information. The Company considers the trademarks McDonalds and
The Golden Arches Logo to be of material importance to its business. Depending on the jurisdiction, trademarks and service marks generally are valid as long as they are used and/or registered. Patents, copyrights and licenses are of
varying remaining durations.
The Company
does not consider its operations to be seasonal to any material degree.
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Working capital practices |
Information about the Companys working capital practices is incorporated herein by reference to Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2009,
2008 and 2007 in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 28, and the Consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 in Part II, Item 8, page 32 of this Form 10-K.
The Companys
business is not dependent upon either a single customer or small group of customers.
Company-operated
restaurants have no backlog orders.
No material
portion of the business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the U.S. government.
McDonalds
restaurants compete with international, national, regional and local retailers of food products. The Company competes on the basis of price, convenience, service, menu variety and product quality in a highly fragmented global restaurant industry.
In measuring the Companys competitive position, management reviews data compiled by Euromonitor International, a leading source of
market data with respect to the global restaurant industry. The Companys primary competition, which management refers to as the Informal Eating Out (IEO) segment, includes the following restaurant categories defined by Euromonitor
International: quick-service eating establishments, casual dining full-service restaurants, 100% home delivery/takeaway providers, street stalls or kiosks, specialist coffee shops and self-service cafeterias. The IEO segment excludes establishments
that primarily serve alcohol and full-service restaurants other than casual dining.
Based on data from Euromonitor International, the
global IEO segment was composed of approximately 5.9 million outlets and generated $875 billion in annual sales in 2008, the most recent year for which data is available. McDonalds global 2008 restaurant business accounted for approximately
0.5% of those outlets and about 8% of the sales.
Management also on occasion benchmarks McDonalds against the entire restaurant industry, including the IEO segment defined above and all other full-service restaurants. Based on data from Euromonitor
International, the restaurant industry was composed of approximately 12.6 million outlets and generated about $1.85 trillion in annual sales in 2008. McDonalds global restaurant business accounted for approximately 0.2% of those outlets and
about 4% of the sales.
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Research and development |
The
Company operates research and development facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia. While research and development activities are important to the Companys business, these expenditures are not material. Independent suppliers also conduct
research activities that benefit the Company, its franchisees and suppliers (collectively referred to as the System).
Increased
focus by U.S. and overseas governmental authorities on environmental matters is likely to lead to new governmental initiatives, particularly in the area of climate change. While we cannot predict the precise nature of these initiatives, we expect
that they may impact our business both directly and indirectly. Although the impact would likely vary by world region and/or market, we believe that adoption of new regulations may increase costs, including for the Company, its franchisees and
suppliers. Also, there is a possibility that governmental initiatives, or actual or perceived effects of changes in weather patterns or climate, could have a direct impact on the operations of our restaurants or the operations of our suppliers in
ways which we cannot predict at this time.
The Company continually monitors developments related to environmental matters and plans to
respond to governmental initiatives in a timely and appropriate manner. At this time, the Company has already undertaken its own initiatives relating to preservation of the environment, including the development of means of monitoring and reducing
energy use, in many of its markets.
The
Companys number of employees worldwide, including Company-operated restaurant employees, was approximately 385,000 as of year-end 2009.
d.
Financial information about geographic areas
Financial information about geographic areas is incorporated herein by reference to Managements
discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 28 and Segment and geographic information in Part II, Item 8, page 44 of this Form 10-K.
e. Available information
The Company is subject to the
informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The Company therefore files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such reports may be obtained by
visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549,
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or by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information.
Financial and other information can also be accessed on the investor section of the Companys website at www.aboutmcdonalds.com.
The Company makes available, free of charge, copies of its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the SEC.
Copies
of financial and other information are also available free of charge by calling (630) 623-7428 or by sending a request to McDonalds Corporation Shareholder Services, Department 720, One McDonalds Plaza, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523.
Also posted on McDonalds website are the Companys Corporate Governance Principles, the charters of McDonalds Audit
Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance Committee, the Companys Standards of Business Conduct, the Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers and the Code of Conduct for the Board of Directors. Copies of
these documents are also available free of charge by calling (630) 623-7428 or by sending a request to McDonalds Corporation Shareholder Services, Department 720, One McDonalds Plaza, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523.
Information on the Companys website is not incorporated into this Form 10-K or the Companys other securities filings and is not a part of
them.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors and Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report includes forward-looking statements about our plans and future performance, including those under Outlook for 2010. These statements use such words as may, will, expect, believe
and plan. They reflect our expectations and speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake to update them. Our expectations (or the underlying assumptions) may change or not be realized, and you should not rely unduly on
forward-looking statements.
Our business and execution of our strategic plan, the Plan to Win, are subject to risks. The most important
of these is our ability to remain relevant to our customers and a brand they trust. Meeting customer expectations is complicated by the risks inherent in our operating environment. The informal eating out (IEO) segment of the restaurant industry,
although largely mature in our major markets, is highly fragmented and competitive. The current economic environment has caused the IEO segment to contract in many markets, including some of our major markets, and this may continue. The current
economic environment has increased consumer focus on value, heightening pricing pressures across the industry, which could affect our ability to continue to grow sales despite the strength of our Brand and value proposition. We have the added
challenge of the cultural, economic and regulatory differences that exist among the more than 100 countries where we operate. Regulatory and similar initiatives around the world have also become more wide-ranging and prescriptive and affect how we
operate and our results. In
particular, increasing focus on nutritional content and on the production, processing and preparation of food from field to front counter presents challenges for our Brand.
The risks we face can have an impact both in the near- and long-term and are reflected in the following considerations and factors that
we believe are most likely to affect our performance.
Our ability to remain a relevant and trusted brand and to increase sales depends largely on
how well we execute the Plan to Win, particularly as the global economy emerges from recession.
The Plan to Win addresses the key
drivers of our business and resultspeople, products, place, price and promotion. The quality of our execution depends mainly on the following:
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Our ability to anticipate and respond effectively to trends or other factors that affect the IEO segment and our competitive position in the diverse markets we
serve, such as spending patterns, demographic changes, trends in food preparation, consumer preferences and publicity about our products, all of which can drive popular perceptions of our business or affect the willingness of other companies to
enter into site, supply or other arrangements or alliances with us; |
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The success of our initiatives to support menu choice, physical activity and nutritional awareness and to address these and other matters of social
responsibility in a way that communicates our values effectively and inspires trust and confidence; |
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Our ability to respond effectively to adverse perceptions about the quick-service category of the IEO segment, our products and promotions (including the
premiums we offer, such as our Happy Meal toys) or the reliability of our supply chain and the safety of the ingredients we use, and our ability to manage the potential impact on McDonalds of food-borne illnesses or product safety issues;
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The success of our plans to improve existing products and to roll out new products and product line extensions, as well as the impact of our competitors
actions, including in response to our product improvements and introductions, and our ability to continue robust product development and manage the complexity of our restaurant operations; |
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Our ability to achieve an overall product mix that differentiates the McDonalds experience and balances consumer value with margin expansion, particularly
in markets where pricing or cost pressures are significant or have been exacerbated by challenging economic conditions; |
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The impact of our pricing, marketing and promotional plans on sales and margins and our ability to adjust our plans to respond quickly to changing economic
conditions; |
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The impact of events such as boycotts or protests, labor strikes and supply chain interruptions (including due to lack of supply or price increases) that can
adversely affect us directly or adversely affect the vendors, franchisees and others that are also part of the McDonalds System and whose performance has a material impact on our results; |
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Our ability to recruit and retain qualified local personnel to manage our operations and growth in certain developing markets; |
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Our ability to drive restaurant improvements and to motivate our restaurant personnel to achieve sustained high service levels so as to improve consumer
perceptions of our ability to meet expectations for quality food served in clean and friendly environments; |
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Whether our restaurant remodeling and rebuilding efforts, which remain a priority notwithstanding the current period of slow economic growth and challenging
credit markets, are targeted at the elements of the restaurant experience that will best accomplish our goals to enhance the relevance of our Brand and achieve an efficient allocation of our capital resources; |
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Our ability to maintain alignment with franchisees on operating, promotional and capital-intensive initiatives; |
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The risks to our Brand if a franchisee defaults in its obligations (particularly requirements to pay royalties, make capital investments and open new
restaurants), experiences food safety or other operational problems or projects a brand image inconsistent with our values, all of which are more significant risks if a franchisee controls a large number of restaurants as is the case in Latin
America; and |
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Our ability to leverage promotional or operating successes in individual markets into other markets in a timely and cost-effective way.
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Our results and financial condition are affected by global and local market conditions, which can adversely affect our sales,
margins and net income.
Our results of operations are substantially affected not only by global economic conditions, but also by
local operating and economic conditions, which can vary substantially by market. Unfavorable conditions can depress sales in a given market or daypart (e.g., breakfast). To mitigate the impact of these conditions, we may take promotional or other
actions that adversely affect our margins, limit our operating flexibility or result in charges, restaurant closings or sales of Company-operated restaurants. Some macroeconomic conditions could have an even more wide-ranging and prolonged impact.
The current environment has been characterized by slowing economies, rising unemployment, declining wages, constrained credit and volatile financial markets. These conditions have significantly affected consumer spending and habits. Moreover, the
timing and strength of a recovery is uncertain in many of our most important markets, and growth in consumer spending generally lags improvement in the broader economy. The key factors that affect our ability to manage the impact of these conditions
are the following:
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Whether our strategies will permit us to compete effectively and make continued market share gains, while at the same time achieving sales and operating income
within our targeted long-term average annual range of growth; |
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The effectiveness of our supply chain management, including hedging strategies, to preserve and, where possible, expand our margins;
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Our ability to manage the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in interest rates and governmental actions to manage national economic
conditions such as credit availability, consumer spending, unemployment levels and inflation rates; |
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The impact on our margins of labor costs given our labor-intensive business model, the long-term trend toward higher wages in both mature and developing markets
and the potential impact of union organizing efforts on day-to-day operations of our restaurants; |
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Whether we are able to identify and develop restaurant sites consistent with our plans for net growth of Systemwide restaurants from year to year, and whether
new sites are as profitable as expected; |
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The challenges and uncertainties associated with operating in developing markets, such as China, Russia and India, which may entail a relatively higher risk of
political instability, economic volatility, crime, corruption and social and ethnic unrest, all of which are exacerbated in many cases by a lack of an independent and experienced judiciary and uncertainties in how local law is applied and enforced,
including in areas most relevant to commercial transactions and foreign investment; and |
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The nature and timing of decisions about underperforming markets or assets, including decisions that result in impairment charges that reduce our earnings.
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Increasing regulatory complexity will continue to affect our operations and results in material ways.
Our legal and regulatory environment worldwide exposes us to complex compliance, litigation and similar risks that affect our operations and results
in material ways. In many of our markets, including the United States and Europe, we are subject to increasing regulation, which has increased our cost of doing business. In developing markets, we face the risks associated with new and untested laws
and judicial systems. Among the more important regulatory and litigation risks we face and must manage are the following:
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The cost, compliance and other risks associated with the often conflicting regulations we face, especially in the United States where inconsistent standards
imposed by local, state and federal authorities can adversely affect popular perceptions of our business and increase our exposure to litigation or governmental investigations or proceedings, and the impact of new, potential or changing regulation
that affects or restricts elements of our business, particularly those relating to advertising to children, nutritional content and product labeling and safety; |
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The impact of nutritional, health and other scientific inquiries and conclusions, which constantly evolve and often have contradictory implications, but
nonetheless drive popular opinion, litigation and regulation, including taxation, in ways that could be material to our business; |
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The risks and costs of McDonalds nutritional labeling and other disclosure practices, particularly given differences among applicable legal requirements
and practices within the restaurant industry with respect to testing and disclosure, ordinary variations in food preparation among our own restaurants, and the need to rely on the accuracy and completeness of information obtained from third party
suppliers; |
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The risks and costs to us, our franchisees and our supply chain of increased focus by U.S. and overseas governmental authorities on environmental matters, such
as climate change, the
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reduction of greenhouse gases and water consumption, including as a result of initiatives that effectively impose a tax on carbon emissions, such as the proposed cap and trade
legislation pending in the U.S. Congress; |
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The impact of litigation trends, particularly in our major markets, including class actions, labor and employment claims and landlord/tenant disputes; the
relative level of our defense costs, which vary from period to period depending on the number, nature and procedural status of pending proceedings; and the cost and other effects of settlements or judgments, which may require us to make disclosures
or take other actions that may affect perceptions of our Brand and products; |
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Adverse results of pending or future litigation, including litigation challenging the composition of our products, or the appropriateness or accuracy of our
advertising or other communications; |
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The increasing costs and other effects of compliance with U.S. and overseas regulations affecting our workforce and labor practices, including regulations
relating to wage and hour practices, immigration, mandatory healthcare benefits and unlawful workplace discrimination; |
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The impact of the current economic conditions on unemployment levels and consumer confidence and the effect of initiatives to stimulate economic recovery and to
further regulate financial markets (including through changes in taxation) on the cost and availability of funding for the Company and its franchisees, inflation and foreign exchange rates; |
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Disruptions in our operations or price volatility in a market that can result from governmental actions, such as price or import- export controls, increased
tariffs or government-mandated closure of our or our vendors operations, and the cost and disruption of responding to governmental investigations or proceedings, whether or not they have merit; |
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The risks associated with information security and the use of cashless payments, such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with
privacy, consumer protection and other laws, the impact on our margins as the use of cashless payments increases, the potential costs associated with alleged security breaches and the loss of consumer confidence that may result; and
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The impact of changes in financial reporting requirements, accounting principles or practices, related legal or regulatory interpretations or our critical
accounting estimates, changes in tax accounting or tax laws (or interpretations thereof), and the impact of settlements of adjustments proposed by the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authorities in connection with our tax audits, all of
which will depend on their timing, nature and scope. |
The trading volatility and price of our common stock may be affected by many
factors.
Many factors affect the volatility and price of our common stock in addition to our operating results and prospects. The
most important of these, some of which are outside our control, are the following:
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The current uncertain global economic conditions and market volatility; |
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Governmental action or inaction in light of key indicators of economic activity or events that can significantly influence
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financial markets, particularly in the United States which is the principal trading market for our common stock, and media reports and commentary about economic or other matters, even when the
matter in question does not directly relate to our business; |
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Trading activity in our common stock or trading activity in derivative instruments with respect to our common stock or debt securities, which can reflect market
commentary (including commentary that may be unreliable or incomplete in some cases) or expectations about our business, our creditworthiness or investor confidence generally; actions by shareholders and others seeking to influence our business
strategies; portfolio transactions in our stock by significant shareholders; or trading activity that results from the ordinary course rebalancing of stock indices in which McDonalds may be included, such as the S&P 500 Index and the Dow
Jones Industrial Average; |
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The impact of our stock repurchase program, dividend rate or changes in our debt levels on our credit ratings, interest expense, ability to obtain funding on
favorable terms or our operating or financial flexibility, especially if lenders impose new operating or financial covenants; and |
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The impact on our results of other corporate actions, such as those we may take from time to time as part of our continuous review of our corporate structure in
light of business, legal and tax considerations. |
Our results and financial condition are affected by our ownership mix.
Our refranchising strategy involves a shift to a greater percentage of franchised restaurants. The decision to own restaurants or
to operate under franchise or license agreements is driven by many factors whose interrelationship is complex and changing. When we refranchise a restaurant, it reduces consolidated revenues as Company-operated sales shift to franchised sales, where
we receive rent and/or royalties. It also reduces Company-operated margin dollars while increasing franchised margin dollars, with the impact on margin percentages varying based on sales and operating costs of the refranchised restaurants. Our
refranchising strategy can also expose us to risks, including the following:
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Whether the franchisees we select will have the experience and financial resources in the relevant markets to be effective operators of McDonalds
restaurants; |
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Potential ongoing payment obligations as a result of our retention of any contingent liabilities in connection with refranchising transactions, such as the
indemnification obligations we may incur as a result of the Latam transaction; and |
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The risk that our contractual and other rights and remedies to protect against defaults by our counterparties will be limited by local law, costly to exercise or
otherwise subject to limitations or litigation that may impair our ability to prevent or mitigate any adverse impact on our Brand or on the financial performance we expect under our franchising and developmental license agreements.
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Our results can be adversely affected by disruptions or events, such as the impact of severe weather conditions and natural disasters.
Severe weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist activities, health epidemics or pandemics or the prospect of these events can have an
adverse impact on consumer spending and confidence levels or on other factors that affect our results and prospects, such as commodity costs. Our receipt of proceeds under any insurance we maintain with respect to certain of these risks may be
delayed or the proceeds may be insufficient to offset our losses fully.
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
ITEM 2. Properties
The Company owns and leases real estate primarily in connection with its restaurant business. The Company identifies and develops sites that offer convenience to customers and long-term sales and profit potential to the Company. To assess
potential, the Company analyzes traffic and walking patterns, census data and other relevant data. The Companys experience and access to advanced technology aid in evaluating this information. The Company generally owns the land and building
or secures long-term leases for restaurant sites, which ensures long-term occupancy rights and helps control related costs. Restaurant profitability for both the Company and franchisees is important; therefore, ongoing efforts are made to control
average development costs through construction and design efficiencies, standardization and by leveraging the Companys global sourcing network. Additional information about the Companys properties is included in Managements
discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 28 and in Financial statements and supplementary data in Part II, Item 8, pages 29 through 47 of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company has pending a number of lawsuits that have been
filed from time to time in various jurisdictions. These lawsuits cover a broad variety of allegations spanning the Companys entire business. The following is a brief description of the more significant of these categories of lawsuits. In
addition, the Company is subject to various federal, state and local regulations that impact various aspects of its business, as discussed below. While the Company does not believe that any such claims, lawsuits or regulations will have a material
adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations, unfavorable rulings could occur. Were an unfavorable ruling to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on net income for the period in which the ruling
occurs or for future periods.
On or about
February 17, 2003, two minors, by their parents and guardians, filed an Amended Complaint against McDonalds Corporation in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No. 02 Civ. 7821) (Ashley
Pelman, a child under the age of 18 years, by her mother and natural
guardian, Roberta Pelman, and Jazlen Bradley, a child under the age of 18 years, by her father and natural guardian, Israel Bradley, v. McDonalds Corporation) seeking class
action status on behalf of individuals in New York under the age of 18 (and their parents and/or guardians), who became obese or developed other adverse health conditions allegedly from eating McDonalds products. On September 3, 2003, the
Court dismissed all counts of the complaint with prejudice. On January 25, 2005, following an appeal by the plaintiffs, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the District Courts decision to dismiss alleged violations of
Section 349 of the New York Consumer Protection Act as set forth in Counts I-III of the amended complaint.
On December 12,
2005, the plaintiffs filed their Second Amended Complaint. In this complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that McDonalds Corporation: (1) engaged in a deceptive advertising campaign to be perceived to be less nutritionally
detrimental-than-in-fact; (2) failed to disclose adequately its use of certain additives and ingredients; and (3) failed to provide nutritional information about its products. Plaintiffs seek unspecified compensatory damages; an
order directing defendants to label their individual products specifying the fat, salt, sugar, cholesterol and dietary content; an order prohibiting marketing to certain individuals; funding of an educational program to inform children and
adults of the dangers of eating certain foods sold by defendants; and attorneys fees and costs.
The Company believes that it
has substantial legal and factual defenses to the plaintiffs claims and intends to defend this lawsuit vigorously.
Plaintiffs have filed
numerous complaints against the Company (and in some instances our franchisee or a franchisees operating company), alleging that McDonalds misrepresented its french fries and hash browns as free of wheat, gluten and/or milk, when the
french fries and hash browns allegedly contain derivatives of wheat, gluten and/or milk. The complaints include claims for violation of state consumer fraud acts, unfair competition or deceptive trade practices acts, strict liability, failure to
warn, negligence, breach of express and implied warranties, fraud and fraudulent concealment, negligent misrepresentation and concealment, unjust enrichment, and false advertising. They seek to recover unspecified compensatory and punitive damages,
restitution and disgorgement of profits, and attorneys fees.
On December 2, 2009, the previously identified case, Debra Moffatt
v. McDonalds Corporation (MDL Case No. 06-cv-4467), which was one of several cases pending in the Northern District of Illinois that were combined into one action, was resolved along with the other cases that made up the consolidated
action.
A substantial number
of McDonalds restaurants are franchised to independent entrepreneurs operating under contractual arrangements with the Company. In the course of the franchise relationship, occasional disputes arise between the Company and its franchisees
relating to a broad range of subjects including, but not limited to, quality, service and cleanliness issues, contentions regarding grants or terminations of franchises, delinquent payments of rents and fees, and franchisee claims for additional
franchises or rewrites of franchises. Additionally, occasional disputes arise between the Company and individuals who claim they should have been granted a McDonalds franchise.
6
The Company and its
affiliates and subsidiaries do not supply, with minor exceptions outside the U.S., food, paper or related items to any McDonalds restaurants. The Company relies upon numerous independent suppliers that are required to meet and maintain the
Companys high standards and specifications. On occasion, disputes arise between the Company and its suppliers which include, by way of example, compliance with product specifications and the Companys business relationship with suppliers.
In addition, disputes occasionally arise on a number of issues between the Company and individuals or entities who claim that they should be (or should have been) granted the opportunity to supply products or services to the Companys
restaurants.
Hundreds of thousands
of people are employed by the Company and in restaurants owned and operated by subsidiaries of the Company. In addition, thousands of people from time to time seek employment in such restaurants. In the ordinary course of business, disputes arise
regarding hiring, firing, promotion and pay practices, including wage and hour disputes, alleged discrimination and compliance with employment laws.
Restaurants owned by
subsidiaries of the Company regularly serve a broad segment of the public. In so doing, disputes arise as to products, service, incidents, advertising, nutritional and other disclosures as well as other matters common to an extensive restaurant
business such as that of the Company.
The
Company has registered trademarks and service marks, patents and copyrights, some of which are of material importance to the Companys business. From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation to protect its intellectual
property and defend against the alleged use of third party intellectual property.
Local,
state and federal governments have adopted laws and regulations involving various aspects of the restaurant business including, but not limited to, advertising, franchising, health, safety, environment, zoning and employment. The Company strives to
comply with all applicable existing statutory and administrative rules and cannot predict the effect on its operations from the issuance of additional requirements in the future.
ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Shareholders
None.
The following are the Executive Officers of our Company (as of the date of this filing):
Jose Armario, 50, is Group PresidentMcDonalds Canada and Latin America, a position he has held since February 2008. He previously
served as President, McDonalds Latin America from December 2003 to February 2008 and served as Senior
Vice President and International Relationship Partner from July 2001 through November 2003. Mr. Armario has been with the Company for 13 years.
Peter J. Bensen, 47, is Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, a position he has held since January 2008. From
April 2007 through December 2007, he served as Corporate Senior Vice PresidentController. Prior to that time, Mr. Bensen served as Corporate Vice PresidentAssistant Controller from February 2002 through March 2007. Mr. Bensen
has been with the Company for 13 years.
Mary N. Dillon, 48, is Corporate Executive Vice PresidentGlobal Chief Marketing
Officer. She has served in that position since joining the Company in October 2005. Prior to joining the Company, she was Division President of Quaker Foods, a division of PepsiCo, from 2004 to October 2005. Prior to that role, Ms. Dillon
served as Vice President of Marketing, Quaker Foods from 2002 to 2004. Ms. Dillon has been with the Company for four years.
Timothy J. Fenton, 52, is President, McDonalds Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa, a position he has held since January 2005. From May 2003 to January 2005, he served as President, East Division for McDonalds USA. Prior
to that time, he served as Senior Vice President, International Relationship Partner from September 1999 through May 2003. Mr. Fenton has been with the Company for 36 years.
Janice Fields, 54, is President, McDonalds USA, a position she has held since January 2010. She previously served as Executive Vice
President and Chief Operations Officer for McDonalds USA from August 2006 to January 2010, and President, Central Division of McDonalds USA from May 2003 to August 2006. Ms. Fields has been with the Company for 31 years.
Richard Floersch, 52, is Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer. Mr. Floersch joined the
Company in November 2003. He previously served as Senior Vice President of Human Resources for Kraft Foods from 1998 through 2003. Mr. Floersch has been with the Company for six years.
Denis Hennequin, 51, is President of McDonalds Europe, a position he has held since July 2005. From January 2005 to July 2005, he
served as Senior Vice President and International Relationship Partner. From January 2004 to January 2005, he served as Vice President of McDonalds Europe. Prior to that time, he served as President and Managing Director of
McDonalds France from December 1996 to January 2004. Mr. Hennequin has been with the Company for 25 years.
Kevin M.
Ozan, 46, is Corporate Senior Vice PresidentController, a position he has held since February 2008. From May 2007 to January 2008, he served as Corporate Vice PresidentAssistant Controller. Prior to that time, he served as a
Senior Director in the following areas: Investor Relations (May 2006 to April 2007), Chicago Region Finance (August 2004 to April 2006), and Corporate Controller Group (March 2002 to August 2004). Mr. Ozan has been with
the Company for 12 years.
Gloria Santona, 59, is Corporate Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, a position
she has held since July 2003. From June 2001 to July 2003, she served as Corporate Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. Ms. Santona has been with the Company for 32 years.
James A. Skinner, 65, is Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, a post to which he was elected in November 2004, and also has served as a
Director since that date. He served as Vice
7
Chairman from January 2003 to November 2004. Mr. Skinner has been with the Company for 38 years.
Jeffrey P. Stratton, 54, is Corporate Executive Vice PresidentChief Restaurant Officer, a position he has held since January 2005. He previously served as U.S. Executive Vice President, Chief
Restaurant Officer from January 2004 to December 2004. Prior to that time, he served as Senior Vice President, Chief Restaurant Officer of McDonalds USA from May 2002 to January 2004. Mr. Stratton has been with the Company for 36 years.
Donald Thompson,
46, is President and Chief Operating Officer, a position to which he was elected in January 2010. He previously served as President, McDonalds USA, from August 2006 to January 2010, as Executive Vice President and Chief Operations Officer
for McDonalds USA from January 2005 to August 2006, as Executive Vice President, Restaurant Solutions Group from May 2004 through January 2005, and President, West Division, from October 2001 through May 2004. Mr. Thompson has been
with the Company for 19 years.
PART II
ITEM 5. Market for
Registrants Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Companys common stock trades under
the symbol MCD and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the U.S.
The following table sets forth the common stock price ranges
on the New York Stock Exchange and dividends declared per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
Dollars per share |
|
High |
|
Low |
|
Dividend |
|
|
|
|
High |
|
Low |
|
Dividend |
|
Quarter: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First |
|
64.46 |
|
50.44 |
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
59.48 |
|
49.36 |
|
0.375 |
|
Second |
|
61.01 |
|
51.76 |
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
|
61.76 |
|
55.14 |
|
0.375 |
|
Third |
|
59.59 |
|
53.88 |
|
1.05 |
* |
|
|
|
67.00 |
|
55.55 |
|
0.875 |
* |
Fourth |
|
64.75 |
|
56.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
64.02 |
|
45.79 |
|
|
|
Year |
|
64.75 |
|
50.44 |
|
2.05 |
|
|
|
|
67.00 |
|
45.79 |
|
1.625 |
|
* |
Includes a $0.50 and $0.375 per share dividend declared and paid in third quarter of 2009 and 2008, respectively, and a $0.55 and $0.50 per share dividend declared in third
quarter and paid in fourth quarter of 2009 and 2008, respectively. |
The number of shareholders of record and
beneficial owners of the Companys common stock as of January 31, 2010 was estimated to be 1,198,000.
Given the
Companys returns on equity, incremental invested capital and assets, management believes it is prudent to reinvest in the business in markets with acceptable returns and/or opportunity for long-term growth and use excess cash flow to return
cash to shareholders through dividends, share repurchases or a combination of both. The Company has paid dividends on common stock for 34 consecutive years through 2009 and has increased the dividend amount at least once every year. As in the past,
future dividend amounts will be considered after reviewing profitability expectations and financing needs, and will be declared at the discretion of the Companys Board of Directors.
Issuer purchases of equity securities*
The following table presents information related to repurchases of common stock
the Company made during the three months ended December 31, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period |
|
Total number of shares purchased |
|
Average price paid per share |
|
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs(1) |
|
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the programs(1) |
October 1-31, 2009 |
|
4,229,113 |
|
$58.52 |
|
4,229,113 |
|
$9,752,533,000 |
November 1-30, 2009 |
|
1,095,178 |
|
61.74 |
|
1,095,178 |
|
9,684,918,000 |
December 1-31, 2009 |
|
2,407,192 |
|
62.33 |
|
2,407,192 |
|
9,534,888,000 |
Total |
|
7,731,483 |
|
$60.16 |
|
7,731,483 |
|
$9,534,888,000 |
* |
Subject to applicable law, the Company may repurchase shares directly in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to derivative instruments and plans
complying with Rule 10b5-1, among other types of transactions and arrangements. |
(1) |
On September 24, 2009, the Companys Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that authorizes the purchase of up to $10 billion of the Companys
outstanding common stock with no specified expiration date. |
8
ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data
6-Year Summary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollars in millions, except per share data |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Company-operated sales |
|
$ |
15,459 |
|
|
16,561 |
|
|
16,611 |
|
|
15,402 |
|
|
14,018 |
|
|
13,055 |
|
Franchised revenues |
|
$ |
7,286 |
|
|
6,961 |
|
|
6,176 |
|
|
5,493 |
|
|
5,099 |
|
|
4,834 |
|
Total revenues |
|
$ |
22,745 |
|
|
23,522 |
|
|
22,787 |
|
|
20,895 |
|
|
19,117 |
|
|
17,889 |
|
Operating income |
|
$ |
6,841 |
(1) |
|
6,443 |
|
|
3,879 |
(4) |
|
4,433 |
(7) |
|
3,984 |
|
|
3,554 |
(10) |
Income from continuing operations |
|
$ |
4,551 |
(1,2) |
|
4,313 |
(3) |
|
2,335 |
(4,5) |
|
2,866 |
(7) |
|
2,578 |
(9) |
|
2,287 |
(10) |
Net income |
|
$ |
4,551 |
(1,2) |
|
4,313 |
(3) |
|
2,395 |
(4,5,6) |
|
3,544 |
(7,8) |
|
2,602 |
(9) |
|
2,279 |
(10) |
Cash provided by operations |
|
$ |
5,751 |
|
|
5,917 |
|
|
4,876 |
|
|
4,341 |
|
|
4,337 |
|
|
3,904 |
|
Cash used for investing activities |
|
$ |
1,655 |
|
|
1,625 |
|
|
1,150 |
|
|
1,274 |
|
|
1,818 |
|
|
1,383 |
|
Capital expenditures |
|
$ |
1,952 |
|
|
2,136 |
|
|
1,947 |
|
|
1,742 |
|
|
1,607 |
|
|
1,419 |
|
Cash used for (provided by) financing activities |
|
$ |
4,421 |
|
|
4,115 |
|
|
3,996 |
|
|
5,460 |
|
|
(442 |
) |
|
1,634 |
|
Treasury stock repurchased |
|
$ |
2,854 |
|
|
3,981 |
|
|
3,949 |
|
|
3,719 |
|
|
1,228 |
|
|
605 |
|
Common stock cash dividends |
|
$ |
2,235 |
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
1,766 |
|
|
1,217 |
|
|
842 |
|
|
695 |
|
Financial position at year end: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
30,225 |
|
|
28,462 |
|
|
29,392 |
|
|
28,974 |
|
|
29,989 |
|
|
27,838 |
|
Total debt |
|
$ |
10,578 |
|
|
10,218 |
|
|
9,301 |
|
|
8,408 |
|
|
10,137 |
|
|
9,220 |
|
Total shareholders equity |
|
$ |
14,034 |
|
|
13,383 |
|
|
15,280 |
|
|
15,458 |
|
|
15,146 |
|
|
14,201 |
|
Shares outstanding in millions |
|
|
1,077 |
|
|
1,115 |
|
|
1,165 |
|
|
1,204 |
|
|
1,263 |
|
|
1,270 |
|
Per common share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operationsdiluted |
|
$ |
4.11 |
(1,2) |
|
3.76 |
(3) |
|
1.93 |
(4,5) |
|
2.29 |
(7) |
|
2.02 |
(9) |
|
1.80 |
(10) |
Net incomediluted |
|
$ |
4.11 |
(1,2) |
|
3.76 |
(3) |
|
1.98 |
(4,5,6) |
|
2.83 |
(7,8) |
|
2.04 |
(9) |
|
1.79 |
(10) |
Dividends declared |
|
$ |
2.05 |
|
|
1.63 |
|
|
1.50 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
.67 |
|
|
.55 |
|
Market price at year end |
|
$ |
62.44 |
|
|
62.19 |
|
|
58.91 |
|
|
44.33 |
|
|
33.72 |
|
|
32.06 |
|
Company-operated restaurants |
|
|
6,262 |
|
|
6,502 |
|
|
6,906 |
|
|
8,166 |
|
|
8,173 |
|
|
8,179 |
|
Franchised restaurants |
|
|
26,216 |
|
|
25,465 |
|
|
24,471 |
|
|
22,880 |
|
|
22,593 |
|
|
22,317 |
|
Total Systemwide restaurants |
|
|
32,478 |
|
|
31,967 |
|
|
31,377 |
|
|
31,046 |
|
|
30,766 |
|
|
30,496 |
|
Franchised sales(11) |
|
$ |
56,928 |
|
|
54,132 |
|
|
46,943 |
|
|
41,380 |
|
|
38,913 |
|
|
37,052 |
|
(1) |
Includes net pretax income of $65.2 million ($87.0 million after tax or $0.08 per share) primarily related to the resolution of certain liabilities retained in connection with
the 2007 Latin America developmental license transaction. |
(2) |
Includes income of $58.8 million ($0.06 per share-basic, $0.05 per share-diluted) due to the sale of the Companys minority ownership interest in Redbox Automated Retail,
LLC. |
(3) |
Includes income of $109.0 million ($0.09 per share) due to the sale of the Companys minority ownership interest in U.K.- based Pret A Manger.
|
(4) |
Includes pretax operating charges of $1.7 billion ($1.32 per share) related to impairment and other charges primarily as a result of the Companys sale of its businesses
in 18 Latin American and Caribbean markets to a developmental licensee (see Latam transaction note to the consolidated financial statements for further details). |
(5) |
Includes a tax benefit of $316.4 million ($0.26 per share) resulting from the completion of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) examination of the Companys 2003-2004 U.S.
federal tax returns. |
(6) |
Includes income of $60.1 million ($0.05 per share) related to discontinued operations primarily from the sale of the Companys investment in Boston Market.
|
(7) |
Includes pretax operating charges of $134 million ($98 million after tax or $0.08 per share) related to impairment and other charges. |
(8) |
Includes income of $678 million ($0.54 per share) related to discontinued operations primarily resulting from the disposal of our investment in Chipotle.
|
(9) |
Includes a net tax benefit of $73 million ($0.05 per share) comprised of $179 million ($0.14 per share) of income tax benefit resulting from the completion of an IRS
examination of the Companys 2000-2002 U.S. tax returns, partly offset by $106 million ($0.09 per share) of incremental tax expense resulting from the decision to repatriate certain foreign earnings under the Homeland Investment Act (HIA).
|
(10) |
Includes pretax operating charges of $130 million related to impairment and $121 million ($12 million related to 2004 and $109 million related to prior years) for a correction
in the Companys lease accounting practices and policies, as well as a nonoperating gain of $49 million related to the sale of the Companys interest in a U.S. real estate partnership, for a total pretax expense of $202 million ($148
million after tax or $0.12 per share). |
(11) |
While franchised sales are not recorded as revenues by the Company, management believes they are important in understanding the Companys financial performance because
these sales are the basis on which the Company calculates and records franchised revenues and are indicative of the financial health of the franchisee base. |
9
ITEM 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
The Company franchises and operates McDonalds restaurants. Of the 32,478 restaurants in 117 countries at year-end 2009, 26,216 were operated by franchisees (including 19,020 operated by conventional franchisees, 3,160 operated by
developmental licensees and 4,036 operated by foreign affiliated markets (affiliates)primarily in Japan) and 6,262 were operated by the Company. Under our conventional franchise arrangement, franchisees provide a portion of the capital
required by initially investing in the equipment, signs, seating and décor of their restaurant businesses, and by reinvesting in the business over time. The Company owns the land and building or secures long-term leases for both
Company-operated and conventional franchised restaurant sites. This maintains long-term occupancy rights, helps control related costs and assists in alignment with franchisees. In certain circumstances, the Company participates in reinvestment for
conventional franchised restaurants. Under our developmental license arrangement, licensees provide capital for the entire business, including the real estate interest, and the Company has no capital invested. In addition, the Company has an equity
investment in a limited number of affiliates that invest in real estate and operate or franchise restaurants within a market.
We view
ourselves primarily as a franchisor and believe franchising is important to delivering great, locally-relevant customer experiences and driving profitability. However, directly operating restaurants is paramount to being a credible franchisor
and is essential to providing Company personnel with restaurant operations experience. In our Company-operated restaurants, and in collaboration with franchisees, we further develop and refine operating standards, marketing concepts and product
and pricing strategies, so that only those that we believe are most beneficial are introduced Systemwide. We continually review our mix of Company-operated and franchised (conventional franchised, developmental licensed and affiliated)
restaurants to help maximize overall performance.
The Companys revenues consist of sales by Company-operated restaurants and fees
from restaurants operated by franchisees. Revenues from conventional franchised restaurants include rent and royalties based on a percent of sales along with minimum rent payments, and initial fees. Revenues from restaurants licensed to affiliates
and developmental licensees include a royalty based on a percent of sales, and may include initial fees. Fees vary by type of site, amount of Company investment, if any, and local business conditions. These fees, along with occupancy and operating
rights, are stipulated in franchise/license agreements that generally have 20-year terms.
The business is managed as distinct geographic
segments. Significant reportable segments include the United States (U.S.), Europe, and Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa (APMEA). In addition, throughout this report we present Other Countries & Corporate that includes
operations in Canada and Latin America, as well as Corporate activities. The U.S., Europe and APMEA segments account for 35%, 41% and 19% of total revenues, respectively. France, Germany and the United Kingdom (U.K.),
collectively, account for approximately 55% of Europes revenues; and Australia, China and Japan (a 50%-owned affiliate accounted for under the equity method), collectively, account for over
50% of APMEAs revenues. These six markets along with the U.S. and Canada are referred to as major markets throughout this report and comprise over 70% of total revenues.
The Company continues to focus its management and financial resources on the McDonalds restaurant business as we believe opportunities remain for
long-term growth. Accordingly, in 2009, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in Redbox Automated Retail, LLC (Redbox) for total consideration of $140 million. In 2008, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in U.K.-based Pret A
Manger for cash proceeds of $229 million. In connection with both sales, the Company recognized nonoperating gains. During 2007, the Company sold its investment in Boston Market. As a result of the disposal, Boston Markets results of
operations and transaction gain are reflected as discontinued operations. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had disposed of all non-McDonalds restaurant businesses.
In analyzing business trends, management considers a variety of performance and financial measures, including comparable sales and comparable guest
count growth, Systemwide sales growth, restaurant margins and returns.
|
|
Constant currency results exclude the effects of foreign currency translation and are calculated by translating current year results at prior year average
exchange rates. Management reviews and analyzes business results in constant currencies and bases certain incentive compensation plans on these results because they believe this better represents the Companys underlying business trends.
|
|
|
Comparable sales and comparable guest counts are key performance indicators used within the retail industry and are indicative of acceptance of the
Companys initiatives as well as local economic and consumer trends. Increases or decreases in comparable sales and comparable guest counts represent the percent change in sales and transactions, respectively, from the same period in the prior
year for all restaurants in operation at least thirteen months, including those temporarily closed. Some of the reasons restaurants may be temporarily closed include reimaging or remodeling, rebuilding, road construction and natural disasters.
Comparable sales exclude the impact of currency translation. McDonalds reports on a calendar basis and therefore the comparability of the same month, quarter and year with the corresponding period of the prior year will be impacted by the mix
of days. The number of weekdays and weekend days in a given timeframe can have a positive or negative impact on comparable sales and guest counts. The Company refers to these impacts as calendar shift/trading day adjustments. In addition, the timing
of holidays can impact comparable sales and guest counts. These impacts vary geographically due to consumer spending patterns and have the greatest effect on monthly comparable sales and guest counts while the annual impacts are typically minimal.
In 2008, there was an incremental full day of sales and guest counts due to leap year. |
|
|
Systemwide sales include sales at all restaurants, whether operated by the Company or by franchisees. While franchised sales are not recorded as revenues by the
Company, management believes the information is important in understanding the Companys financial performance because these sales are the
|
10
|
|
basis on which the Company calculates and records franchised revenues and are indicative of the financial health of the franchisee base. |
|
|
Return on incremental invested capital (ROIIC) is a measure reviewed by management over one-year and three-year time periods to evaluate the overall
profitability of the business units, the effectiveness of capital deployed and the future allocation of capital. The return is calculated by dividing the change in operating income plus depreciation and amortization (numerator) by the adjusted cash
used for investing activities (denominator), primarily capital expenditures. The calculation assumes a constant average foreign exchange rate over the periods included in the calculation. |
STRATEGIC DIRECTION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
The strength of
the alignment between the Company, its franchisees and suppliers (collectively referred to as the System) has been key to McDonalds success over the years. This business model enables McDonalds to consistently deliver locally-relevant
restaurant experiences to customers and be an integral part of the communities we serve. In addition, it facilitates our ability to identify, implement and scale innovative ideas that meet customers changing needs and preferences.
McDonalds customer-focused Plan to Winwhich is centered around being better, not just biggerprovides a common framework for our
global business yet allows for local adaptation. Through the execution of multiple initiatives surrounding the five key drivers of exceptional customer experiencesPeople, Products, Place, Price and Promotionwe have enhanced the
restaurant experience for customers worldwide and grown sales and customer visits in each of the last six years. This Plan, coupled with financial discipline, has delivered strong results for shareholders.
We have exceeded our long-term, constant currency financial targets of average annual Systemwide sales growth of 3% to 5%; average annual operating
income growth of 6% to 7%; and annual returns on incremental invested capital in the high teens every year since the Plans implementation in 2003, after adjusting 2007 for the Latin America developmental license transaction. Given the size and
scope of our global business, we believe these financial targets are realistic and sustainable, while keeping us focused on making the best decisions for the long-term benefit of shareholders.
In 2009, we continued to elevate the customer experience by remaining focused on the Companys key global success factors of branded
affordability, menu variety and beverage choice, convenience and daypart expansion, ongoing restaurant reinvestment and operations excellence. Locally-relevant initiatives around these factors successfully resonated with consumers driving increases
in sales, customer visits and market share in many countries despite challenging global economies and a contracting informal eating out market. As a result, each reportable segment contributed to 2009 global comparable sales and guest counts, which
increased 3.8% and 1.4%, respectively.
In the U.S., we grew sales and market share with comparable sales up for the 7th consecutive
year, rising 2.6% in 2009. This performance was the result of a continued focus on classic menu favorites such as the Big Mac and Quarter Pounder, increased emphasis on everyday affordability, and the national marketing launch of the new
McCafé premium coffees and premium Angus Third Pounder. Complementing these efforts were our strategies
related to convenient locations, extended hours, efficient drive-thru service and value-oriented local beverage promotions. In conjunction with the introduction of the McCafé premium
coffees, reinvestment was needed in many restaurants to accommodate the new equipment required to prepare these beverages as well as facilitate the national introduction of smoothies and frappés in mid-2010. In most cases, this reinvestment
involved expanding and optimizing the efficiency of the drive-thru booth, enabling us to better serve even more customers faster.
In
Europe, comparable sales rose 5.2%, marking the 6th consecutive year of comparable sales increases. This performance reflected Europes strategic priorities to upgrade the customer and employee experience, enhance local relevance, and build
brand transparency. Initiatives surrounding these priorities encompassed: leveraging our tiered menu featuring locally relevant selections of premium, classic core and everyday affordable menu offerings as well as dessert and limited-time food
promotions; and reimaging nearly 900 restaurants including adding about 290 McCafésan upscale area with coffeehouse-style ambiance inside an existing McDonalds restaurant. In addition, we addressed growing interest in portable
snack offerings with platforms such as the Little Tasters in the U.K., launched breakfast in Germany and increased our convenience with extended hours. In order to support greater menu variety, we completed the roll-out of a new more efficient
kitchen operating system in substantially all of our European restaurants. Finally, we enhanced customer trust in our brand through communications that emphasized the quality and origin of McDonalds food and our sustainable business practices.
In APMEA, we continued to execute our four growth platforms of breakfast, convenience, core menu and value. Comparable sales rose 3.4%
primarily due to the ongoing momentum of our business in Australia where multiple initiatives surrounding menu variety including the launch of the premium Angus burger, greater convenience and reimaging further strengthened our brand relevance. In
addition, across the segment, we enhanced our convenience by increasing the number of restaurants open 24-hours to over 4,600, expanding delivery service to more than 1,300 locations including about 300 in China, and enhancing drive-thru efficiency.
We sustained the momentum of our breakfast business, currently in about 75% of our restaurants, by increasing customer awareness and visit frequency with the launch of premium roast coffee in key markets like Japan and China and promoting it through
successful sampling programs. We continued to appeal to customers with branded affordability menus, especially our value lunch platforms, and highlighted classic menu favorites like the Quarter Pounder.
Our customer-centered strategies seek to optimize price, product mix and promotion as a means to drive sales and profits. This approach is complemented
by a focus on driving operating efficiencies and effectively managing restaurant-level costs by leveraging our scale, supply chain infrastructure and risk management practices. Our ability to successfully execute our strategies in every area of the
world contributed to improved profitability as measured by combined operating margin of 30.1% in 2009, an improvement of 2.7 percentage points over 2008.
Strong global performance positively impacted cash from operations, which totaled $5.8 billion in 2009. Our substantial cash flow, strong credit rating and continued access to credit provide us significant
flexibility to fund capital expenditures as well as return cash to shareholders. About $2.0 billion of cash
11
from operations was invested in our business primarily to open 868 restaurants (511 net, after 357 closings) and reimage about 1,850 existing locations. After these capital expenditures, we
returned our free cash flow to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. In 2009, we returned $5.1 billion consisting of $2.2 billion in dividends and $2.9 billion in share repurchases. This brought the total return to shareholders to
$16.6 billion under our $15 billion to $17 billion target for 2007 through 2009.
Cash from operations continues to benefit from our
evolution toward a more heavily franchised business model as the rent and royalty income received from owner/operators is a very stable revenue stream that has relatively low costs, and is less capital-intensive. In addition, we believe
locally-owned and operated restaurants help us maximize brand performance and are at the core of our competitive advantage, making McDonalds not just a global brand but also a locally-relevant one. To that end, for 2008 and 2009 combined, we
refranchised about 1,100 restaurants, increasing the percent of restaurants franchised worldwide to 81%. Refranchising impacts our consolidated financial statements as follows:
|
|
Consolidated revenues are initially reduced because we collect rent and royalty as a percent of sales from a refranchised restaurant instead of 100% of its
sales. |
|
|
Company-operated margin dollars decline while franchised margin dollars increase. |
|
|
Margin percentages are affected depending on the sales and cost structures of the restaurants refranchised. |
|
|
Other operating (income) expense fluctuates as we recognize gains and/or losses resulting from sales of restaurants. |
|
|
Combined operating margin percent improves. |
|
|
Return on average assets increases primarily due to a decrease in average asset balances. |
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE YEAR INCLUDED:
|
|
Comparable sales grew 3.8% and guest counts rose 1.4%, building on 2008 increases of 6.9% and 3.1%, respectively. |
|
|
Growth in combined operating margin of 2.7 percentage points from 27.4% in 2008 to 30.1% in 2009. |
|
|
Operating income increased 6% (10% in constant currencies). |
|
|
Net income per share was $4.11, an increase of 9% (13% in constant currencies). |
|
|
Cash provided by operations totaled $5.8 billion. |
|
|
The Company increased the quarterly cash dividend per share 10% to $0.55 for the fourth quarterbringing the current annual dividend rate to $2.20 per
share. |
|
|
One-year ROIIC was 38.0% and three-year ROIIC was 42.9% for the period ended December 31, 2009. |
OUTLOOK FOR 2010
We will continue to drive success in 2010 and
beyond by remaining focused on our better, not just bigger strategy and the key drivers of exceptional customer experiencesPeople, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. Our global System is energized by our ongoing momentum, strong
competitive position and growth opportunities.
We intend to further differentiate our brand, increase customer visits and grow market share by
pursuing initiatives in three key areas: service enhancement, restaurant reimaging and menu innovation. These efforts will include leveraging technology to make it easier for restaurant staff to quickly and accurately serve customers, accelerating
our interior and exterior reimaging efforts and innovating at every tier of our menu to deliver great taste and value to customers. As we execute along these priorities and remain disciplined in operations and financial management, we expect to
increase McDonalds brand relevance, widen our competitive lead and, in turn, grow sales, profits and returns. As we do so, we are confident we can meet or exceed the long-term constant currency financial targets previously discussed despite
expectations for a continued challenging global economic environment in 2010.
In the U.S., our strategies include strengthening our core
menu and value offerings, aggressively pursuing new growth opportunities in chicken, breakfast, beverages and snacking options, and elevating the brand experience. Our initiatives include highlighting the enduring appeal of core menu classics such
as the Big Mac, emphasizing the value our menu offers all-day-long including the new breakfast value menu, and encouraging the trial of new products with the Mac Snack Wrap andby mid-yearfrappés and smoothies. In addition, our
plans to elevate the brand experience encompass updating our technology with a new point of sale system, enhancing restaurant manager and crew retention and productivity, and initiating a multi-year program to contemporize the interiors and
exteriors of our restaurants through reimaging, completing about 500 in 2010. These efforts combined with the convenience of our locations, optimized drive-thru service, free wireless service and longer operating hours will further reinforce
McDonalds position as an easy, enjoyable eating-out experience.
Our plans for Europe are focused on building market share as we
continue to execute along Europes three key priorities. This includes upgrading our restaurant ambiance by reimaging approximately 1,000 restaurants, primarily in France and the U.K., as we make progress toward our goal to reimage more than
85% of our restaurants by the end of 2011. In addition, we expect to leverage technologies such as self-order kiosks, hand-held order devices and drive-thru customer order displays to enhance the customer experience and help speed service. We will
further enhance our local relevance by complementing our tiered-menu with limited-time food events as well as new snack and dessert options. Finally, we will remain approachable and accessible as we continue to educate consumers about the quality
and origin of our food and communicate our sustainable business practices.
In APMEA, we will execute initiatives that best support our
goal to be customers first choice for eating out: convenience, core menu, branded affordability, improved operations and reimaging. Our convenience initiatives include leveraging the success of 24-hour or extended operating hours, expanding
delivery service and building drive-thru traffic. At the same time, we will continue to elevate the role of our classic core and breakfast menus, complementing both with locally-relevant food news. We will maximize the impact of our everyday
affordability platforms with mid-tier and value lunch programs and intensify our focus on operations to drive efficiencies. In addition, we will accelerate our reimaging efforts using a set of standard interior and exterior designs. Finally, given
its size and long-term
12
potential, we will continue to aggressively open new restaurants in China with a goal of opening about 600 restaurants over the next three years.
We will continue to evaluate opportunities to optimize our mix of Company-operated and franchised restaurants and expect to refranchise restaurants
when and where appropriate. As previously discussed, our evolution toward a more heavily franchised, less capital-intensive business model has favorable implications for the strength and stability of our cash flow, the amount of capital we invest
and long-term returns. As a result, we expect free cash flowcash from operations less capital expenditureswill continue to grow in the future. We remain committed to returning all this cash to shareholders via dividends and share
repurchases over the long term.
We will remain disciplined financially as we seek to maximize the impact of all of our spending from
selling, general & administrative expenses to capital expenditures. In making capital allocation decisions, our goal is to elevate the McDonalds experience to drive sustainable growth in sales and market share while earning strong
returns. To that end, about half of the $2.4 billion of planned 2010 capital expenditures will be invested to reimage existing restaurants with the other half primarily used to build new locations.
McDonalds does not provide specific guidance on net income per share. The following information is provided to assist in analyzing the
Companys results:
|
|
Changes in Systemwide sales are driven by comparable sales and net restaurant unit expansion. The Company expects net restaurant additions to add nearly 2
percentage points to 2010 Systemwide sales growth (in constant currencies), most of which will be due to the 609 net traditional restaurants added in 2009. |
|
|
The Company does not generally provide specific guidance on changes in comparable sales. However, as a perspective, assuming no change in cost structure, a 1
percentage point increase in comparable sales for either the U.S. or Europe would increase annual net income per share by about 3 cents. |
|
|
With about 75% of McDonalds grocery bill comprised of 10 different commodities, a basket of goods approach is the most comprehensive way to look at the
Companys commodity costs. For the full year 2010, the total basket of goods cost is expected to be relatively flat in the U.S. and Europe. Some volatility may be experienced between quarters in the normal course of business, with more
favorable comparisons in the first half of the year. |
|
|
The Company expects full-year 2010 selling, general & administrative expenses to be relatively flat, in constant currencies,
|
|
|
although fluctuations will be experienced between quarters due to certain items in 2010 such as the Vancouver Winter Olympics and the biennial Worldwide Owner/Operator Convention in April.
|
|
|
Based on current interest and foreign currency exchange rates, the Company expects interest expense in 2010 to increase slightly compared with 2009.
|
|
|
A significant part of the Companys operating income is generated outside the U.S., and about 45% of its total debt is denominated in foreign currencies.
Accordingly, earnings are affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar. Collectively, these currencies represent approximately 70% of the Companys operating
income outside the U.S. If all four of these currencies moved by 10% in the same direction compared with 2009, the Companys annual net income per share would change by about 17 to 19 cents. At current foreign currency rates, the Company
expects foreign currency translation to positively impact full year 2010 revenues and net income per share, with most of the benefit occurring in the first half of the year. |
|
|
The Company expects the effective income tax rate for the full-year 2010 to be approximately 29% to 31%. Some volatility may be experienced between the quarters
resulting in a quarterly tax rate that is outside the annual range. |
|
|
McDonalds Japan (a 50%-owned affiliate) announced plans to close approximately 430 restaurants over the next 12-18 months in conjunction with the strategic
review of the markets real estate portfolio. These actions are designed to enhance the customer experience, overall profitability and returns of the market. As a result of these closures, McDonalds Corporation expects to record after tax
impairment charges totaling approximately $40 million to $50 million, primarily in the first half of the year. |
|
|
The Company expects capital expenditures for 2010 to be approximately $2.4 billion. About half of this amount will be reinvested in existing restaurants,
including the reimaging of over 2,000 locations worldwide. The rest will primarily be used to open about 1,000 restaurants (975 traditional and 25 satellites). These restaurant numbers include new unit openings (about 350 restaurants) in affiliated
and developmental licensed markets, such as Japan and Latin America, where the Company does not fund any capital expenditures. The Company expects net additions of about 325 restaurants (475 net traditional additions and 150 net satellite closings),
which reflect the McDonalds Japan closings. |
13
Consolidated Operating Results
Operating results
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
Dollars in millions, except per share data |
|
Amount |
|
|
Increase/ (decrease) |
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Increase/ (decrease) |
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales by Company-operated restaurants |
|
$ |
15,459 |
|
|
(7 |
)% |
|
|
|
$ |
16,561 |
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
$ |
16,611 |
|
Revenues from franchised restaurants |
|
|
7,286 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,961 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,176 |
|
Total revenues |
|
|
22,745 |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
23,522 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
22,787 |
|
Operating costs and expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company-operated restaurant expenses |
|
|
12,651 |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
13,653 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
13,742 |
|
Franchised restaurantsoccupancy expenses |
|
|
1,302 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,230 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,140 |
|
Selling, general & administrative expenses |
|
|
2,234 |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
2,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,367 |
|
Impairment and other charges (credits), net |
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
nm |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
nm |
|
|
|
|
|
1,670 |
|
Other operating (income) expense, net |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(165 |
) |
|
nm |
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
Total operating costs and expenses |
|
|
15,904 |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
17,079 |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
18,908 |
|
Operating income |
|
|
6,841 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,443 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,879 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
473 |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
523 |
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
410 |
|
Nonoperating (income) expense, net |
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
(103 |
) |
Gain on sale of investment |
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
nm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes |
|
|
6,487 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,158 |
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,572 |
|
Provision for income taxes |
|
|
1,936 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,845 |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,237 |
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
4,551 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
4,313 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,335 |
|
Income from discontinued operations (net of taxes of $35) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
Net income |
|
$ |
4,551 |
|
|
6 |
% |
|
|
|
$ |
4,313 |
|
|
80 |
% |
|
|
|
$ |
2,395 |
|
Income per common sharediluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
|
$ |
4.11 |
|
|
9 |
% |
|
|
|
$ |
3.76 |
|
|
95 |
% |
|
|
|
$ |
1.93 |
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
Net income |
|
$ |
4.11 |
|
|
9 |
% |
|
|
|
$ |
3.76 |
|
|
90 |
% |
|
|
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
Weighted-average common shares outstandingdiluted |
|
|
1,107.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,146.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,211.8 |
|
nm Not
meaningful.
In August 2007, the Company completed the sale of its businesses in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela
and 13 other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, which totaled 1,571 restaurants, to a developmental licensee organization. The Company refers to these markets as Latam. As a result of the Latam transaction, the Company
receives royalties in these markets instead of a combination of Company-operated sales and franchised rents and royalties.
Based on
approval by the Companys Board of Directors on April 17, 2007, the Company concluded Latam was held for sale as of that date in accordance with guidance on the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. As a result, the
Company recorded an impairment charge of $1.7 billion in 2007, substantially all of which was noncash. The charge included $896 million for the difference between the net book value of the Latam business and approximately $675 million in cash
proceeds received. This loss in value was primarily due to a historically difficult economic environment coupled with volatility experienced in many of the markets included in this transaction. The charges also included historical foreign currency
translation losses of $769 million recorded in shareholders equity.
The Company recorded a tax benefit of $62 million in 2007 in
connection with this transaction. As a result of meeting the
held for sale criteria, the Company ceased recording depreciation expense with respect to Latam effective April 17, 2007. In connection with the sale, the Company agreed to
indemnify the buyers for certain tax and other claims, certain of which are reflected as liabilities on McDonalds Consolidated balance sheet, totaling $97 million at December 31, 2009 and $142 million at December 31, 2008. The change
in the balance was primarily a result of the resolution of certain of these liabilities as well as the impact of foreign currency translation. The Company mitigates the currency impact to income of these foreign currency denominated liabilities
through the use of forward foreign exchange agreements.
The buyers of the Companys operations in Latam entered into a 20-year
master franchise agreement that requires the buyers, among other obligations to (i) pay monthly royalties commencing at a rate of approximately 5% of gross sales of the restaurants in these markets, substantially consistent with market rates
for similar license arrangements; (ii) commit to adding approximately 150 new McDonalds restaurants by the end of 2010 and pay an initial fee for each new restaurant opened; and (iii) commit to specified annual capital expenditures
for existing restaurants.
14
In addition to the consolidated operating results shown on the previous page, consolidated results for 2007 and adjusted growth rates for 2008 are
presented in the following table excluding the impact of the Latam transaction. These results include the effect of foreign currency translation further discussed in the section titled Impact of foreign currency translation on reported results.
While the Company has converted certain
other markets to a developmental license arrangement, management believes the Latam transaction and the associated charge are not indicative of ongoing operations due to the size and scope of the
transaction. Management believes that the adjusted operating results better reflect the underlying business trends relevant to the periods presented.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollars in millions, except per share data |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007(1)
|
|
Latam Transaction(1) |
|
|
2007 Excluding Latam Transaction |
|
2009 % Inc |
|
2008 Adjusted % Inc |
Operating income |
|
$6,841 |
|
$6,443 |
|
$3,879 |
|
$(1,641 |
) |
|
$5,520 |
|
6 |
|
17 |
Income from continuing operations |
|
4,551 |
|
4,313 |
|
2,335 |
|
(1,579 |
) |
|
3,914 |
|
6 |
|
10 |
Income from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
4,551 |
|
4,313 |
|
2,395 |
|
(1,579 |
) |
|
3,974 |
|
6 |
|
9 |
Income per common share diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations(2,3) |
|
4.11 |
|
3.76 |
|
1.93 |
|
(1.30 |
) |
|
3.23 |
|
9 |
|
16 |
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
Net income(2,3) |
|
4.11 |
|
3.76 |
|
1.98 |
|
(1.30 |
) |
|
3.28 |
|
9 |
|
15 |
nm Not meaningful.
(1) |
The results for the full year 2007 included impairment and other charges of $1,665 million, partly offset by a benefit of $24 million due to eliminating depreciation on the
assets in Latam in mid-April 2007, and a tax benefit of $62 million. |
(2) |
The following items impact the comparison of growth in diluted income per share from continuing operations and diluted net income per share for the year ended
December 31, 2009 compared with 2008. On a net basis, these items positively impact the comparison by 1 percentage point: |
2009
|
|
|
$0.08 per share after tax income primarily due to the resolution of certain liabilities retained in connection with the 2007 Latam transaction.
|
|
|
|
$0.05 per share after tax gain on the sale of the Companys minority ownership interest in Redbox. |
2008
|
|
|
$0.09 per share after tax gain on the sale of the Companys minority ownership interest in Pret A Manger. |
(3) |
The following items impact the comparison of adjusted growth in diluted income per share from continuing operations and diluted net income per share for the year ended
December 31, 2008 compared with 2007. On a net basis, these items negatively impact the comparison by 7 and 6 percentage points, respectively: |
2008
|
|
|
$0.09 per share after tax gain on the sale of the Companys minority ownership interest in Pret A Manger. |
2007
|
|
|
$0.26 per share of income tax benefit resulting from the completion of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) examination of the Companys 2003-2004 U.S.
federal income tax returns; partly offset by |
|
|
|
$0.02 per share of income tax expense related to the impact of a tax law change in Canada. |
NET INCOME AND DILUTED NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
In 2009, net income and diluted net income per common share were $4.6 billion and $4.11. Results benefited by after tax income of $87 million or $0.08 per share
primarily due to the resolution of certain liabilities retained in connection with the 2007 Latam transaction. Results also benefited by an after tax gain of $59 million or $0.05 per share due to the sale of the Companys minority ownership
interest in Redbox. Results were negatively impacted by $0.15 per share due to the effect of foreign currency translation.
In 2008,
net income and diluted net income per common share were $4.3 billion and $3.76. Results benefited by a $109 million or $0.09 per share after tax gain on the sale of the Companys minority ownership interest in Pret A Manger. Results also
benefited by $0.09 per share due to the effect of foreign currency translation.
In 2007, net income and diluted net income per common
share were $2.4 billion and $1.98. Income from continuing operations was $2.3 billion or $1.93 per share, which included $1.6 billion or $1.30 per share of net expense related to the Latam transaction. This reflects an impairment charge of $1.32 per
share, partly offset by a $0.02 per share benefit due to eliminating depreciation on the assets in Latam in mid-April 2007 in accordance with accounting rules. In addition, 2007 results included a net tax benefit of $288 million or $0.24 per
share resulting from the completion of an IRS examination of the Companys 2003-2004 U.S. federal income tax returns, partly offset by the impact of a tax law change in Canada. Income from
discontinued operations was $60 million or $0.05 per share.
The Company repurchased 50.3 million shares of its stock for $2.9
billion in 2009 and 69.7 million shares for $4.0 billion in 2008, driving reductions of over 3% and 4% of total shares outstanding, respectively, net of stock option exercises.
IMPACT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION ON REPORTED RESULTS
While changing foreign currencies affect reported
results, McDonalds mitigates exposures, where practical, by financing in local currencies, hedging certain foreign-denominated cash flows, and purchasing goods and services in local currencies.
In 2009, foreign currency translation had a negative impact on consolidated operating results, primarily driven by the Euro, British Pound, Russian
Ruble, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar. In 2008, foreign currency translation had a positive impact on consolidated operating results, driven by the stronger Euro and most other currencies, partly offset by the weaker British Pound. In 2007,
foreign currency translation had a positive impact on consolidated operating results, primarily driven by the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar.
15
Impact of foreign currency translation on reported results
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported amount |
|
|
|
Currency translation benefit/(cost) |
|
In millions, except per share data |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
22,745 |
|
$ |
23,522 |
|
$ |
22,787 |
|
|
|
$ |
(1,340 |
) |
|
$ |
441 |
|
|
$ |
988 |
|
Company-operated margins |
|
|
2,807 |
|
|
2,908 |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
Franchised margins |
|
|
5,985 |
|
|
5,731 |
|
|
5,036 |
|
|
|
|
(176 |
) |
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
Selling, general & administrative expenses |
|
|
2,234 |
|
|
2,355 |
|
|
2,367 |
|
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
(73 |
) |
Operating income |
|
|
6,841 |
|
|
6,443 |
|
|
3,879 |
|
|
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
4,551 |
|
|
4,313 |
|
|
2,335 |
|
|
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
Net income |
|
|
4,551 |
|
|
4,313 |
|
|
2,395 |
|
|
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
Income from continuing operations per common sharediluted |
|
|
4.11 |
|
|
3.76 |
|
|
1.93 |
|
|
|
|
(.15 |
) |
|
|
.09 |
|
|
|
.12 |
|
Net income per common sharediluted |
|
|
4.11 |
|
|
3.76 |
|
|
1.98 |
|
|
|
|
(.15 |
) |
|
|
.09 |
|
|
|
.12 |
|
REVENUES
The
Companys revenues consist of sales by Company-operated restaurants and fees from restaurants operated by franchisees. Revenues from conventional franchised restaurants include rent and royalties based on a percent of sales along with minimum
rent payments, and initial fees. Revenues from franchised restaurants that are licensed to affiliates and developmental licensees include a royalty based on a percent of sales, and generally include initial fees.
The Company continues to optimize its restaurant ownership mix, cash flow and returns through its refranchising strategy. For the full years 2008 and
2009 combined, the Company refranchised about 1,100 restaurants, primarily in its major markets. The shift to a greater percentage of franchised restaurants negatively impacts consolidated revenues as Company-operated sales shift to franchised
sales, where the Company receives rent and/or royalties based on a percent of sales.
In 2009, constant currency revenue growth was driven by positive comparable sales and expansion,
partly offset by the impact of the refranchising strategy in certain of the Companys major markets. As a result of the refranchising strategy, franchised restaurants represent 81%, 80% and 78% of Systemwide restaurants at December 31, 2009,
2008 and 2007, respectively.
In 2008, constant currency revenue growth was driven by positive comparable sales, partly offset by the
refranchising strategy and the impact of the Latam transaction. Upon completion of the Latam transaction in August 2007, the Company receives royalties based on a percent of sales in these markets instead of a combination of Company-operated
sales and franchised rents and royalties.
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) |
|
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) excluding currency translation |
|
Dollars in millions |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Company-operated sales: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
4,295 |
|
$ |
4,636 |
|
$ |
4,682 |
|
|
|
(7 |
)% |
|
(1 |
)% |
|
|
|
(7 |
)% |
|
(1 |
)% |
Europe |
|
|
6,721 |
|
|
7,424 |
|
|
6,817 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
6 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
3,714 |
|
|
3,660 |
|
|
3,134 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
14 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
729 |
|
|
841 |
|
|
1,978 |
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
(58 |
) |
Total |
|
$ |
15,459 |
|
$ |
16,561 |
|
$ |
16,611 |
|
|
|
(7 |
)% |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
% |
|
(2 |
)% |
Franchised revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
3,649 |
|
$ |
3,442 |
|
$ |
3,224 |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
7 |
% |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
7 |
% |
Europe |
|
|
2,553 |
|
|
2,499 |
|
|
2,109 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
13 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
623 |
|
|
571 |
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
20 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
461 |
|
|
449 |
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
17 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
7,286 |
|
$ |
6,961 |
|
$ |
6,176 |
|
|
|
5 |
% |
|
13 |
% |
|
|
|
8 |
% |
|
10 |
% |
Total revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
7,944 |
|
$ |
8,078 |
|
$ |
7,906 |
|
|
|
(2 |
)% |
|
2 |
% |
|
|
|
(2 |
)% |
|
2 |
% |
Europe |
|
|
9,274 |
|
|
9,923 |
|
|
8,926 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
7 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
4,337 |
|
|
4,231 |
|
|
3,599 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
15 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
1,190 |
|
|
1,290 |
|
|
2,356 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
(46 |
) |
Total |
|
$ |
22,745 |
|
$ |
23,522 |
|
$ |
22,787 |
|
|
|
(3 |
)% |
|
3 |
% |
|
|
|
2 |
% |
|
1 |
% |
16
In the U.S., revenues in 2009 and 2008 were positively impacted by the ongoing appeal of our iconic core products and the success of new products, as well
as continued focus on everyday value and convenience. In addition, our market-leading breakfast business contributed to revenue growth in 2008. New products introduced in 2009 included McCafé premium coffees and the Angus Third Pounder, while
new products introduced in 2008 included Southern Style Chicken products, Iced Coffee and Sweet Tea. The refranchising strategy negatively impacted revenue growth in both years.
Europes constant currency increases in revenues in 2009 and 2008 were primarily driven by comparable sales increases in the U.K., France and
Russia (which is entirely Company-operated) as well as expansion in Russia. In both years, these increases were partly offset by the impact of the refranchising strategy, primarily in the U.K. and Germany.
In APMEA, the constant currency increase in revenues in 2009 was primarily driven by comparable sales increases in Australia and most other Asian
markets, partly offset by negative comparable sales in China. The 2008 increase was primarily driven by strong comparable sales in Australia and China, as well as positive comparable sales throughout the segment. In addition, expansion in China
contributed to the increases in both years.
In Other Countries & Corporate, Company-operated sales declined in 2008 while
franchised revenues increased primarily as a result of the Latam transaction in August 2007. Revenues in both years were negatively impacted by the refranchising strategy in Canada.
The following tables present Systemwide sales and comparable sales increases/(decreases):
Systemwide sales increases/(decreases)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excluding currency
translation |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
U.S. |
|
3 |
% |
|
5 |
% |
|
|
|
3 |
% |
|
5 |
% |
Europe |
|
(2 |
) |
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
10 |
|
APMEA |
|
8 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
12 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
14 |
|
Total |
|
2 |
% |
|
11 |
% |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
9 |
% |
Comparable sales increases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
U.S. |
|
2.6 |
% |
|
4.0 |
% |
|
4.5 |
% |
Europe |
|
5.2 |
|
|
8.5 |
|
|
7.6 |
|
APMEA |
|
3.4 |
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
10.6 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
5.5 |
|
|
13.0 |
|
|
10.8 |
|
Total |
|
3.8 |
% |
|
6.9 |
% |
|
6.8 |
% |
RESTAURANT MARGINS
Franchised
margin dollars represent revenues from franchised restaurants less the Companys occupancy costs (rent and depreciation) associated with those sites. Franchised margin dollars represented nearly 70% of the combined restaurant margins in 2009
and about 65% of the combined restaurant margins in 2008 and 2007. Franchised margin dollars increased $254 million or 4% (7% in constant currencies) in 2009 and
$695 million or 14% (11% in constant currencies) in 2008. The refranchising strategy contributed to the growth in franchised margin dollars in both 2009 and 2008 and the August 2007
Latam transaction contributed to the growth in 2008.
Franchised margins
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
3,031 |
|
|
$ |
2,867 |
|
|
$ |
2,669 |
|
Europe |
|
|
1,998 |
|
|
|
1,965 |
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
559 |
|
|
|
511 |
|
|
|
410 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
397 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
5,985 |
|
|
$ |
5,731 |
|
|
$ |
5,036 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent of revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
|
83.1 |
% |
|
|
83.3 |
% |
|
|
82.8 |
% |
Europe |
|
|
78.3 |
|
|
|
78.6 |
|
|
|
78.1 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
89.6 |
|
|
|
89.6 |
|
|
|
88.3 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
86.1 |
|
|
|
86.4 |
|
|
|
81.7 |
|
Total |
|
|
82.1 |
% |
|
|
82.3 |
% |
|
|
81.5 |
% |
In the
U.S., the franchised margin percent decrease in 2009 was due to additional depreciation primarily related to the Companys investment in the beverage initiative, partly offset by positive comparable sales. The 2008 increase was primarily driven
by positive comparable sales, partly offset by the refranchising strategy.
Europes franchised margin percent decreased in 2009 as
positive comparable sales were offset by higher occupancy expenses, the refranchising strategy and the cost of strategic brand and sales building initiatives. The 2008 increase was primarily due to strong comparable sales in most markets, partly
offset by the impact of the refranchising strategy, higher rent expense and the cost of strategic brand and sales building initiatives.
In APMEA, the franchised margin percent increase in 2008 was primarily driven by positive comparable sales.
In Other
Countries & Corporate, the franchised margin percent increased in 2008 as a result of the 2007 Latam transaction.
The
franchised margin percent in APMEA and, beginning in 2008, Other Countries & Corporate is higher relative to the U.S. and Europe due to a larger proportion of developmental licensed and/or affiliated restaurants where the Company receives
royalty income with no corresponding occupancy costs.
|
|
Company-operated margins |
Company-operated margin dollars represent sales by Company-operated restaurants less the operating costs of these restaurants. Company-operated margin dollars decreased $101 million or 3% (increased 3% in constant currencies) in 2009
and increased $39 million or 1% (decreased 1% in constant currencies) in 2008. After the Latam transaction in August 2007, there are no Company-operated restaurants remaining in Latin America. Company-operated margin dollars were negatively impacted
by this transaction in 2008 and 2007 and by the refranchising strategy in 2009 and 2008. The refranchising strategy had a positive impact on the margin percent in 2009 and 2008, primarily in the U.S. and Europe.
17
Company-operated margins
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
832 |
|
|
$ |
856 |
|
|
$ |
876 |
|
Europe |
|
|
1,240 |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
1,205 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
471 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
317 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
2,807 |
|
|
$ |
2,908 |
|
|
$ |
2,869 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
|
19.4 |
% |
|
|
18.5 |
% |
|
|
18.7 |
% |
Europe |
|
|
18.4 |
|
|
|
18.0 |
|
|
|
17.7 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
16.8 |
|
|
|
15.9 |
|
|
|
15.0 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
15.2 |
|
|
|
15.3 |
|
|
|
16.1 |
|
Total |
|
|
18.2 |
% |
|
|
17.6 |
% |
|
|
17.3 |
% |
In
the U.S., the Company-operated margin percent increased in 2009 due to positive comparable sales and the impact of the refranchising strategy, partly offset by additional depreciation related to the beverage initiative and higher commodity costs.
The margin percent decreased in 2008 due to cost pressures including higher commodity and labor costs, partly offset by positive comparable sales.
Europes Company-operated margin percent increased in 2009 and 2008 primarily due to positive comparable sales, partly offset by higher commodity and labor costs. In 2009, local inflation and the impact of
weaker currencies on the cost of certain imported products drove higher costs, primarily in Russia, and negatively impacted the Company-operated margin percent.
In APMEA, the Company-operated margin percent in 2009 and 2008 increased due to positive comparable sales, partly offset by higher labor costs. The margin percent in 2008 was also negatively impacted by higher
commodity costs.
In Other Countries & Corporate, the Company-operated margin in 2007 benefited by about 100 basis points
related to the discontinuation of depreciation on the assets in Latam from mid-April through July 2007.
|
|
Supplemental information regarding Company-operated restaurants |
We continually review our restaurant ownership mix with a goal of improving local relevance, profits and returns. In most cases, franchising is the best way to achieve these goals, but as previously stated,
Company-operated restaurants are also important to our success.
We report results for Company-operated restaurants based on their sales, less costs directly
incurred by that business including occupancy costs. We report the results for franchised restaurants based on franchised revenues, less associated occupancy costs. For this reason and because we manage our business based on geographic segments and
not on the basis of our ownership structure, we do not specifically allocate selling, general & administrative expenses and other operating (income) expenses to Company-operated or franchised restaurants. Other operating items that relate
to the Company-operated restaurants generally include gains/losses on sales of restaurant businesses and write-offs of equipment and leasehold improvements.
We believe the following information about Company-operated restaurants in our most significant markets provides an additional perspective on this business. Management responsible for our Company-operated
restaurants in these markets analyzes the Company-operated business on this basis to assess its performance. Management of the Company also considers this information when evaluating restaurant ownership mix, subject to other relevant
considerations.
The following tables seek to illustrate the two components of our Company-operated margins. The first of these relates
exclusively to restaurant operations, which we refer to as Store operating margin. The second relates to the value of our Brand and the real estate interest we retain for which we charge rent and royalties. We refer to this component as
Brand/real estate margin. Both Company-operated and conventional franchised restaurants are charged rent and royalties, although rent and royalties for Company-operated restaurants are eliminated in consolidation. Rent and royalties for
both restaurant ownership types are based on a percentage of sales, and the actual rent percentage varies depending on the level of McDonalds investment in the restaurant. Royalty rates may also vary by market.
As shown in the following tables, in disaggregating the components of our Company-operated margins, certain costs with respect to
Company-operated restaurants are reflected in Brand/real estate margin. Those costs consist of rent payable by McDonalds to third parties on leased sites and depreciation for buildings and leasehold improvements and constitute a portion of
occupancy & other operating expenses recorded in the Consolidated statement of income. Store operating margins reflect rent and royalty expenses, and those amounts are accounted for as income in calculating Brand/real estate margin.
18
While we believe that the following information provides a perspective in evaluating our
Company-operated business, it is not intended as a measure of our operating performance or as an alternative to operating income or restaurant margins as reported by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.
In particular, as noted previously, we do not allocate selling, general & administrative expenses to our Company-operated business. However, we believe that a range of $40,000 to $50,000 per restaurant, on average, is a typical range of
costs to support this business in the U.S. The actual costs in markets outside the U.S. will vary depending on local circumstances and the organizational structure of the market. These costs reflect the indirect services we believe are necessary to
provide the appropriate support of the restaurant.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
Dollars in millions |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
As reported |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Company-operated restaurants at year end |
|
|
1,578 |
|
|
|
1,782 |
|
|
|
2,090 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,001 |
|
|
|
2,024 |
|
|
|
2,177 |
|
Sales by Company-operated restaurants |
|
$ |
4,295 |
|
|
$ |
4,636 |
|
|
$ |
4,682 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
6,721 |
|
|
$ |
7,424 |
|
|
$ |
6,817 |
|
Company-operated margin |
|
$ |
832 |
|
|
$ |
856 |
|
|
$ |
876 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,240 |
|
|
$ |
1,340 |
|
|
$ |
1,205 |
|
Store operating margin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company-operated margin |
|
$ |
832 |
|
|
$ |
856 |
|
|
$ |
876 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,240 |
|
|
$ |
1,340 |
|
|
$ |
1,205 |
|
Plus: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outside rent expense(1) |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
254 |
|
|
|
248 |
|
Depreciation buildings & leasehold improvements(1) |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rent & royalties(2) |
|
|
(634 |
) |
|
|
(684 |
) |
|
|
(691 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(1,306 |
) |
|
|
(1,435 |
) |
|
|
(1,294 |
) |
Store operating margin |
|
$ |
333 |
|
|
$ |
316 |
|
|
$ |
345 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
256 |
|
|
$ |
269 |
|
|
$ |
266 |
|
Brand/real estate margin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rent & royalties(2) |
|
$ |
634 |
|
|
$ |
684 |
|
|
$ |
691 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,306 |
|
|
$ |
1,435 |
|
|
$ |
1,294 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outside rent expense(1) |
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
|
(82 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(254 |
) |
|
|
(248 |
) |
Depreciation buildings & leasehold improvements(1) |
|
|
(70 |
) |
|
|
(70 |
) |
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(110 |
) |
|
|
(107 |
) |
Brand/real estate margin |
|
$ |
499 |
|
|
$ |
540 |
|
|
$ |
531 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
984 |
|
|
$ |
1,071 |
|
|
$ |
939 |
|
(1) |
Represents certain costs recorded as occupancy & other operating expenses in the Consolidated statement of income rent payable by McDonalds to third
parties on leased sites and depreciation for buildings and leasehold improvements. This adjustment is made to reflect these occupancy costs in Brand/real estate margin. The relative percentage of sites that are owned versus leased varies by country.
|
(2) |
Reflects average Companyoperated rent and royalties (as a percentage of 2009 sales: U.S. 14.8% and Europe 19.4%). This adjustment is made to reflect
expense in Store operating margin and income in Brand/real estate margin. Countries within Europe have varying economic profiles and a wide range of rent and royalty rates as a percentage of sales. |
SELLING, GENERAL & ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
Consolidated selling, general & administrative expenses decreased 5% (2% in
constant currencies) in 2009 and were flat (decreased 1% in constant currencies) in 2008. In 2008, expenses included costs related to the Beijing Summer Olympics and the Companys biennial Worldwide Owner/Operator Convention. The 2008 constant
currency change benefited by 3 percentage points due to the 2007 Latam transaction.
Selling, general & administrative expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) |
|
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) excluding currency translation |
|
Dollars in millions |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
751 |
|
$ |
745 |
|
$ |
744 |
|
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
% |
Europe |
|
|
655 |
|
|
714 |
|
|
689 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
276 |
|
|
300 |
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
8 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate(1) |
|
|
552 |
|
|
596 |
|
|
658 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
(9 |
) |
Total |
|
$ |
2,234 |
|
$ |
2,355 |
|
$ |
2,367 |
|
|
|
(5 |
)% |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
(2 |
)% |
|
(1 |
)% |
(1) |
Included in Other Countries & Corporate are home office support costs in areas such as facilities, finance, human resources, information technology, legal, marketing,
restaurant operations, supply chain and training. |
Selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of
revenues were 9.8% in 2009 compared with 10.0% in 2008 and 10.4% in 2007. Selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of Systemwide sales were 3.1% in 2009 compared with 3.3% in 2008 and 3.7% in 2007. Management believes that
analyzing selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of Systemwide sales, as well as revenues, is meaningful because these costs are incurred to support Systemwide restaurants.
19
IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES (CREDITS), NET
On a pretax basis, the Company recorded impairment and other charges (credits), net of ($61) million in 2009, $6 million in 2008 and $1.7 billion in 2007. Management does not include these items when reviewing
business performance trends because we do not believe these items are indicative of expected ongoing results.
Impairment and other charges
(credits), net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions, except per share data |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
|
Europe |
|
$ |
4 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
$ |
(11 |
) |
APMEA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
1,681 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
(61 |
) |
|
$ |
6 |
|
$ |
1,670 |
|
After tax(1) |
|
$ |
(91 |
) |
|
$ |
4 |
|
$ |
1,606 |
|
Income from continuing operations per common share diluted |
|
$ |
(.08 |
) |
|
$ |
.01 |
|
$ |
1.32 |
|
(1) |
Certain items were not tax affected. |
In
2009, the Company recorded pretax income of $65 million related primarily to the resolution of certain liabilities retained in connection with the 2007 Latam transaction. The Company also recognized a tax benefit in 2009 in connection with this
income, mainly related to the release of a tax valuation allowance.
In 2007, the Company recorded $1.7 billion of pretax impairment
charges related to the Companys sale of its Latam businesses to a developmental licensee organization.
OTHER OPERATING (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET
Other operating (income) expense, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Gains on sales of restaurant businesses |
|
$ |
(113 |
) |
|
$ |
(126 |
) |
|
$ |
(89 |
) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |
|
|
(168 |
) |
|
|
(111 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
Asset dispositions and other expense |
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
194 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
(222 |
) |
|
$ |
(165 |
) |
|
$ |
(11 |
) |
|
|
Gains on sales of restaurant businesses |
Gains on sales of restaurant businesses include gains from sales of Company-operated restaurants as well as gains from exercises of purchase options by franchisees with business facilities lease arrangements (arrangements where the Company
leases the businesses, including equipment, to franchisees who generally have options to purchase the businesses). The Companys purchases and sales of businesses with its franchisees are aimed at achieving an optimal ownership mix in each
market. Resulting gains or losses are recorded in operating income because the transactions are a recurring part of our business. The Company realized higher gains on sales of restaurant businesses in 2009 and 2008 compared with 2007 primarily as a
result of selling more Company-operated restaurants in connection with the refranchising strategy in the Companys major markets.
|
|
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |
Unconsolidated affiliates and partnerships are businesses in which the Company actively participates but does not control. The Company records equity in earnings from these entities representing McDonalds
share of results. For foreign affiliated markets primarily Japan results are reported after interest expense and income taxes. McDonalds share of results for partnerships in certain consolidated markets such as the U.S. are
reported before income taxes. These partnership restaurants are operated under conventional franchise arrangements and, therefore, are classified as conventional franchised restaurants. Results in 2009 and 2008 reflected improved results from our
Japanese affiliate. 2009 results also benefited from the stronger Japanese Yen.
|
|
Asset dispositions and other expense |
Asset dispositions and other expense consists of gains or losses on excess property and other asset dispositions, provisions for store closings, uncollectible receivables and other miscellaneous income and expenses. Asset dispositions in
2009 and 2008 reflected lower losses on restaurant closings and property disposals compared with 2007.
20
OPERATING INCOME
Operating income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) |
|
|
|
|
Increase excluding currency translation |
|
Dollars in millions |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
U.S. |
|
$ |
3,232 |
|
$ |
3,060 |
|
|
$ |
2,842 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
8 |
% |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
8 |
% |
Europe |
|
|
2,588 |
|
|
2,608 |
|
|
|
2,125 |
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
17 |
|
APMEA |
|
|
989 |
|
|
819 |
|
|
|
616 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
28 |
|
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
|
32 |
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
(1,704 |
) |
|
|
|
nm |
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
|
nm |
|
|
97 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
6,841 |
|
$ |
6,443 |
|
|
$ |
3,879 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
66 |
% |
|
|
|
10 |
% |
|
62 |
% |
Latam transaction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,641 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total excluding Latam transaction* |
|
$ |
6,841 |
|
$ |
6,443 |
|
|
$ |
5,520 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
% |
|
17 |
% |
|
|
|
10 |
% |
|
14 |
% |
nm Not
meaningful.
* |
Results for 2007 included the impact of the Latam transaction in Other Countries & Corporate. This impact reflects an impairment charge of $1,665 million, partly
offset by a benefit of $24 million due to eliminating depreciation on the assets in Latam in mid-April 2007. In order to provide managements view of the underlying business performance, results are also shown excluding the impact of the Latam
transaction. |
Results for 2009 included $65 million of income in Other Countries & Corporate primarily related to the
resolution of certain liabilities retained in connection with the 2007 Latam transaction. This benefit positively impacted the growth in total operating income by 1 percentage point.
In the U.S., 2009 and 2008 results increased primarily due to higher franchised margin dollars.
In Europe, results for 2009 and 2008 were driven by strong performance in France, the U.K. and Russia. Positive results in Germany and most other
markets also contributed to the operating income increase in 2008.
In APMEA, results for 2009 were driven primarily by strong results
in Australia and expansion in China. Results for 2008 were driven by strong results in Australia and China, and positive performance in most other markets.
|
|
Combined operating margin |
Combined operating margin is defined as operating income as a percent of total revenues. Combined operating margin for 2009, 2008 and 2007 was 30.1%, 27.4% and 17.0%, respectively. Impairment and other charges negatively impacted the 2007
combined operating margin by 7.4 percentage points.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense for 2009 decreased primarily due to lower average interest rates, and to a lesser extent, weaker foreign currencies, partly offset by higher average debt levels. Interest expense for 2008 increased
primarily due to higher average debt levels, and to a lesser extent, higher average interest rates.
NONOPERATING (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET
Nonoperating (income) expense, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Interest income |
|
$ |
(19 |
) |
|
$ |
(85 |
) |
|
$ |
(124 |
) |
Translation and hedging activity |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
Other expense |
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
(24 |
) |
|
$ |
(78 |
) |
|
$ |
(103 |
) |
Interest income
consists primarily of interest earned on short- term cash investments. Translation and hedging activity primarily
relates to net gains or losses on certain hedges that reduce the exposure to variability on certain intercompany foreign currency cash flow streams. Other expense primarily consists of gains or
losses on early extinguishment of debt, amortization of debt issuance costs and other nonoperating income and expenses.
Interest
income decreased for 2009 primarily due to lower average interest rates, while 2008 decreased primarily due to lower average interest rates and average cash balances.
GAIN ON SALE OF INVESTMENT
In 2009, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in Redbox to Coinstar,
Inc., the majority owner, for total consideration of $140 million. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a nonoperating pretax gain of $95 million (after tax$59 million or $0.05 per share).
In 2008, the Company sold its minority ownership interest in U.K.-based Pret A Manger. In connection with the sale, the Company received cash
proceeds of $229 million and recognized a nonoperating pretax gain of $160 million (after tax$109 million or $0.09 per share).
PROVISION FOR
INCOME TAXES
In 2009, 2008 and 2007, the reported effective income tax rates were 29.8%, 30.0% and 34.6%, respectively.
In 2009, the effective income tax rate benefited by 0.7 percentage points primarily due to the resolution of certain liabilities retained in
connection with the 2007 Latam transaction.
In 2007, the effective income tax rate was impacted by about 4 percentage points as a
result of the following items:
|
|
A negative impact due to a minimal tax benefit of $62 million related to the Latam impairment charge of $1,641 million. This benefit was minimal due to the
Companys inability to utilize most of the capital losses generated by this transaction in 2007. |
|
|
A positive impact due to a benefit of $316 million resulting from the completion of an IRS examination, partly offset by $28 million of expense related to the
impact of a tax law change in Canada. |
Consolidated net deferred tax liabilities included tax assets, net of
valuation allowance, of $1.4 billion in both 2009 and 2008.
21
Substantially all of the net tax assets arose in the U.S. and other profitable markets.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Over the last several years, the Company has continued to focus its management and financial resources on the
McDonalds restaurant business as it believes the opportunities for long-term growth remain significant. Accordingly, during third quarter 2007, the Company sold its investment in Boston Market. As a result of the disposal, Boston Markets
results of operations and transaction gain are reflected as discontinued operations. In connection with the sale, the Company received proceeds of approximately $250 million and recorded a gain of $69 million after tax. In addition, Boston
Markets net loss for 2007 was $9 million.
ACCOUNTING CHANGES
In 2006, the
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance on accounting for sabbatical leave, codified in the Compensation General Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). Under this guidance, compensation costs associated
with a sabbatical should be accrued over the requisite service period, assuming certain conditions are met. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2007, as required and accordingly, recorded a $36 million cumulative adjustment,
net of tax, to decrease the January 1, 2007 balance of retained earnings. The annual impact to earnings is not significant.
|
|
Income tax uncertainties |
In
2006, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, codified primarily in the Income Taxes Topic of the FASB ASC. This guidance clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a
tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. The guidance also covers derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company
adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2007, as required. As a result of the implementation, the Company recorded a $20 million cumulative adjustment to increase the January 1, 2007 balance of retained earnings. The guidance requires
that a liability associated with an unrecognized tax benefit be classified as a long-term liability except for the amount for which cash payment is anticipated within one year. Upon adoption of the guidance, $339 million of tax liabilities, net of
deposits, were reclassified from current to long-term and included in other long-term liabilities.
|
|
Fair value measurements |
In 2006,
the FASB issued guidance on fair value measurements, codified primarily in the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB ASC. This guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance does not require any new fair value measurements; rather, it applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value
measurements. The provisions of the guidance,
as issued, were effective January 1, 2008. However, in February 2008, the FASB deferred the effective date for one year for certain non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except
those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (i.e., at least annually). The Company adopted the required provisions related to debt and derivatives as of January 1, 2008 and adopted the
remaining required provisions for non-financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2009. The effect of adoption was not significant in either period.
In May 2009,
the FASB issued guidance on subsequent events, codified in the Subsequent Events Topic of the FASB ASC. This guidance sets forth the period after the balance sheet date during which management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or
transactions that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The guidance also indicates the circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date
in its financial statements, as well as the disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date. The Company adopted this guidance beginning in the second quarter 2009. The
adoption had no impact on our consolidated financial statements, besides the additional disclosure.
|
|
Variable interest entities and consolidation |
In June 2009, the FASB issued amendments to the guidance on variable interest entities and consolidation, codified primarily in the Consolidation Topic of the FASB ASC. This guidance modifies the method for
determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity as well as the methods permitted for determining the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. In addition, this guidance requires ongoing reassessments of whether a company is the
primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity and enhanced disclosures related to a companys involvement with a variable interest entity. This guidance was effective beginning January 1, 2010, and we do not expect the adoption to have a
significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Cash Flows
The Company generates significant cash from its operations and has substantial credit availability and capacity to fund operating and discretionary spending such as capital expenditures, debt repayments, dividends and share repurchases.
Cash provided by operations totaled $5.8 billion and $5.9 billion in 2009 and 2008, respectively, and exceeded capital expenditures by
$3.8 billion in both years. In 2009, cash provided by operations decreased $166 million or 3% compared with 2008 despite increased operating results, primarily due to higher income tax payments, higher noncash income items and the receipt of
$143 million in 2008 related to the completion of an IRS examination. In 2008, cash provided by operations increased $1.0 billion or 21% compared with 2007 primarily due to increased operating results and changes in working capital, partly due
to lower income tax payments and the receipt of $143 million related to the IRS examination.
22
Cash used for investing activities totaled $1.7 billion in 2009, an increase of $31 million compared with 2008. This reflects lower proceeds from sales of
investments, restaurant businesses and property, offset by lower capital expenditures, primarily in the U.S. Cash used for investing activities totaled $1.6 billion in 2008, an increase of $475 million compared with 2007. Investing activities in
2008 reflected lower proceeds from sales of investments and higher capital expenditures, partly offset by higher proceeds from the sales of restaurant businesses and property and lower expenditures on purchases of restaurant businesses.
Cash used for financing activities totaled $4.4 billion in 2009, an increase of $307 million compared with 2008, primarily due to lower net debt
issuances, an increase in the common stock dividend and lower proceeds from stock option exercises, partly offset by lower treasury stock purchases. Cash used for financing activities totaled $4.1 billion in 2008, an increase of $118 million
compared with 2007, which reflected lower proceeds from stock option exercises, mostly offset by higher net debt issuances.
As a result
of the above activity, the Companys cash and equivalents balance decreased $267 million in 2009 to $1.8 billion, compared with an increase of $82 million in 2008. In addition to cash and equivalents on hand and cash provided by operations, the
Company can meet short-term funding needs through its continued access to commercial paper borrowings and line of credit agreements.
RESTAURANT
DEVELOPMENT AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
In 2009, the Company opened 824 traditional restaurants and 44 satellite restaurants (small, limited-menu
restaurants for which the land and building are generally leased), and closed 215 traditional restaurants and 142 satellite restaurants. In 2008, the Company opened 918 traditional restaurants and 77 satellite restaurants and closed 209 traditional
restaurants and 196 satellite restaurants. The majority of restaurant openings and closings occurred in the major markets in both years. The Company closes restaurants for a variety of reasons, such as existing sales and profit performance or loss
of real estate tenure.
Systemwide restaurants at year end(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
U.S. |
|
13,980 |
|
13,918 |
|
13,862 |
Europe |
|
6,785 |
|
6,628 |
|
6,480 |
APMEA |
|
8,488 |
|
8,255 |
|
7,938 |
Other Countries & Corporate |
|
3,225 |
|
3,166 |
|
3,097 |
Total |
|
32,478 |
|
31,967 |
|
31,377 |
(1) |
Includes satellite units at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 as follows: U.S. 1,155, 1,169, 1,233; Europe241, 226, 214; APMEA (primarily Japan)1,263,
1,379, 1,454; Other Countries & Corporate464, 447, 439. |
Approximately 65% of Company-operated
restaurants and about 80% of franchised restaurants were located in the major markets at the end of 2009. Franchisees operated 81% of the restaurants at year-end 2009.
Capital expenditures decreased $184 million or 9% in 2009 primarily due to fewer restaurant openings, lower reinvestment in existing restaurants in the U.S. and the impact of foreign currency translation. Capital
expenditures increased $189 million or 10% in 2008 primarily due to higher investment in new restaurants in Europe and APMEA. In both years, capital expenditures reflected the Companys commitment to grow sales at existing restaurants,
including reinvestment initiatives such as reimaging in many markets around the world and, to a lesser extent in 2009, the Combined Beverage Business in the U.S.
Capital expenditures invested in major markets, excluding Japan, represented 70% to 75% of the total in 2009, 2008 and 2007. Japan is accounted for
under the equity method, and accordingly its capital expenditures are not included in consolidated amounts.
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
New restaurants |
|
$ |
809 |
|
$ |
897 |
|
$ |
687 |
Existing restaurants |
|
|
1,070 |
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
1,158 |
Other(1) |
|
|
73 |
|
|
87 |
|
|
102 |
Total capital expenditures |
|
$ |
1,952 |
|
$ |
2,136 |
|
$ |
1,947 |
Total assets |
|
$ |
30,225 |
|
$ |
28,462 |
|
$ |
29,392 |
(1) |
Primarily corporate equipment and other office related expenditures. |
New restaurant investments in all years were concentrated in markets with acceptable returns or opportunities for long-term growth. Average development costs vary widely by market depending on the types of
restaurants built and the real estate and construction costs within each market. These costs, which include land, buildings and equipment, are managed through the use of optimally sized restaurants, construction and design efficiencies and
leveraging best practices. Although the Company is not responsible for all costs for every restaurant opened, total development costs (consisting of land, buildings and equipment) for new traditional McDonalds restaurants in the U.S. averaged
approximately $2.7 million in 2009.
The Company owned approximately 45% of the land and about 70% of the buildings for restaurants in
its consolidated markets at year-end 2009 and 2008.
SHARE REPURCHASES AND DIVIDENDS
In 2009, the Company returned $5.1 billion to shareholders through a combination of shares repurchased and dividends paid, bringing the three-year total to $16.6
billion under the Companys $15 billion to $17 billion cash returned to shareholders target for 2007 through 2009.
Shares repurchased and
dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions, except per share data |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
Number of shares repurchased |
|
|
50.3 |
|
|
69.7 |
|
|
77.1 |
Shares outstanding at year end |
|
|
1,077 |
|
|
1,115 |
|
|
1,165 |
Dividends declared per share |
|
$ |
2.05 |
|
$ |
1.625 |
|
$ |
1.50 |
Dollar amount of shares repurchased |
|
$ |
2,854 |
|
$ |
3,981 |
|
$ |
3,949 |
Dividends paid |
|
|
2,235 |
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
1,766 |
Total returned to shareholders |
|
$ |
5,089 |
|
$ |
5,804 |
|
$ |
5,715 |
In September 2007, the Companys Board of Directors approved a $10 billion share repurchase program with no specified expiration date. In September 2009, the Companys Board of Directors terminated the then-existing
share repurchase program and replaced it with a new share repurchase program that authorizes the purchase of up to $10 billion of the Companys
23
outstanding common stock with no specified expiration date. In 2009, approximately 50 million shares were repurchased for $2.9 billion, of which 8 million shares or $0.5 billion were
purchased under the new program. The Company reduced its shares outstanding at year end by over 3% compared with 2008, net of stock option exercises.
The Company has paid dividends on its common stock for 34 consecutive years and has increased the dividend amount every year. The 2009 full year dividend of $2.05 per share reflects the quarterly dividend paid for
each of the first three quarters of $0.50 per share, with an increase to $0.55 per share paid in the fourth quarter. This 10% increase in the quarterly dividend equates to a $2.20 per share annual dividend rate and reflects the Companys
confidence in the ongoing strength and reliability of its cash flow. As in the past, future dividend amounts will be considered after reviewing profitability expectations and financing needs, and will be declared at the discretion of the
Companys Board of Directors.
Financial Position and Capital Resources
TOTAL ASSETS AND RETURNS
Total assets increased $1.8 billion or 6% in 2009. Excluding the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates, total assets increased $677 million in 2009. Over 70% of total assets were in major markets at year-end 2009. Net property and equipment increased $1.3 billion in 2009 and represented over 70% of total assets at year end. Excluding the effect
of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, net property and equipment increased $476 million primarily due to capital expenditures, partly offset by depreciation, the impact of refranchising and asset retirements related to reimaging.
Operating income is used to compute return on average assets, while income from continuing operations is used to calculate return on
average common equity. Month-end balances are used to compute both average assets and average common equity. Assets of discontinued operations are excluded from average assets since operating income excludes results from discontinued operations.
Returns on assets and equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Return on average assets |
|
23.4 |
% |
|
21.8 |
% |
|
13.2 |
% |
Return on average common equity |
|
34.0 |
|
|
30.6 |
|
|
15.1 |
|
In 2009, 2008 and 2007, return on average assets and return on average common equity both benefited from strong global operating results. During 2010, the Company will continue to concentrate restaurant openings
and invest new capital in markets with acceptable returns or opportunities for long-term growth.
In 2009, impairment and other charges
(credits), net benefited return on average assets and return on average common equity by 0.2 percentage points and 0.7 percentage points, respectively.
In 2007, impairment and other charges (credits), net reduced return on average assets by 5.4 percentage points. Impairment and other charges (credits), net partly offset by the 2007 net tax benefit resulting from
the completion of an IRS examination, reduced return on average common equity by 8.5 percentage points in 2007.
Operating income, as reported, does not include interest income; however, cash balances are included
in average assets. The inclusion of cash balances in average assets reduced return on average assets by 2.0 percentage points, 1.9 percentage points and 1.3 percentage points in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
FINANCING AND MARKET RISK
The Company generally borrows on a
long-term basis and is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations. Debt obligations at December 31, 2009 totaled $10.6 billion, compared with $10.2 billion at December 31, 2008. The net increase in
2009 was primarily due to net issuances of $219 million and changes in exchange rates on foreign currency denominated debt of $128 million.
Debt highlights(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Fixed-rate debt as a percent of total debt(2,3) |
|
68 |
% |
|
72 |
% |
|
58 |
% |
Weighted-average annual interest rate of total debt(3) |
|
4.5 |
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
4.7 |
|
Foreign currency-denominated debt as a percent of total debt(2) |
|
43 |
|
|
45 |
|
|
66 |
|
Total debt as a percent of total capitalization (total debt and total shareholders equity)(2) |
|
43 |
|
|
43 |
|
|
38 |
|
Cash provided by operations as a percent of total debt(2) |
|
55 |
|
|
59 |
|
|
53 |
|
(1) |
All percentages are as of December 31, except for the weighted-average annual interest rate, which is for the year. |
(2) |
Based on debt obligations before the effect of fair value hedging adjustments. This effect is excluded as these adjustments have no impact on the obligation at maturity. See
Debt financing note to the consolidated financial statements. |
(3) |
Includes the effect of interest rate exchange agreements. |
Fitch, Standard & Poors and Moodys currently rate, with a stable outlook, the Companys commercial paper F1, A-1 and P-2, respectively; and its long-term debt A, A and A3, respectively.
The Companys key metrics for monitoring its credit structure are shown in the preceding table. While the Company targets these metrics for ease of focus, it also considers similar credit ratios that incorporate capitalized operating leases to
estimate total adjusted debt. Total adjusted debt, a term that is commonly used by the rating agencies referred to above, includes debt outstanding on the Companys balance sheet plus an adjustment to capitalize operating leases. Based on their
most recent calculations, these agencies add between $6 billion and $12 billion to debt for lease capitalization purposes, which increases total debt as a percent of total capitalization and reduces cash provided by operations as a percent of total
debt for credit rating purposes. The Company believes the rating agency methodology for capitalizing leases requires certain adjustments. These adjustments include: excluding percent rents in excess of minimum rents; excluding certain
Company-operated restaurant lease agreements outside the U.S. that are cancelable with minimal penalties (representing approximately 30% of Company-operated restaurant minimum rents outside the U.S., based on the Companys estimate);
capitalizing non-restaurant leases using a multiple of three times rent expense; and reducing total rent expense by a percentage of the annual minimum rent
24
payments due to the Company from franchisees operating on leased sites. Based on this calculation, for credit analysis purposes, approximately $4 billion of future operating lease payments would
be capitalized.
Certain of the Companys debt obligations contain cross-acceleration provisions and restrictions on Company and
subsidiary mortgages and the long-term debt of certain subsidiaries. There are no provisions in the Companys debt obligations that would accelerate repayment of debt as a result of a change in credit ratings or a material adverse change in the
Companys business. Under existing authorization from the Companys Board of Directors, at December 31, 2009, the Company has $5 billion of authority remaining to borrow funds, including through (i) public or private offering of
debt securities; (ii) direct borrowing from banks or other financial institutions; and (iii) other forms of indebtedness. In addition to registered debt securities on a U.S. shelf registration statement and a Euro Medium-Term Notes
program, the Company has $1.3 billion available under a committed line of credit agreement as well as authority to issue commercial paper in the U.S. and Euromarket (see Debt financing note to the consolidated financial statements). Debt maturing in
2010 is approximately $607 million of long-term corporate debt. In 2010, the Company expects to issue commercial paper and long-term debt to refinance this maturing debt. The Company also has $599 million of foreign currency bank line borrowings
outstanding at year-end.
Historically, the Company has not experienced difficulty in obtaining financing or refinancing existing debt.
Although there are continued constraints in the overall financial markets on available credit, the Companys ability to raise funding in the long-term and short-term debt capital markets has not been adversely affected. In January 2009, the
Company issued $400 million of 10-year U.S. Dollar-denominated notes at a coupon rate of 5.0%, and $350 million of 30-year U.S. Dollar-denominated bonds at a coupon rate of 5.7%. In June 2009, the Company issued 300 million Euro ($423
million) of 7-year notes at a coupon rate of 4.25%.
The Company uses major capital markets, bank financings and derivatives to meet its
financing requirements and reduce interest expense. The Company manages its debt portfolio in response to changes in interest rates and foreign currency rates by periodically retiring, redeeming and repurchasing debt, terminating exchange agreements
and using derivatives. The Company does not use derivatives with a level of complexity or with a risk higher than the exposures to be hedged and does not hold or issue derivatives for trading purposes. All exchange agreements are over-the-counter
instruments.
In managing the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations, the Company uses interest rate exchange
agreements and finances in the currencies in which assets are denominated. The Company uses foreign currency debt and derivatives to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with certain royalties, intercompany financings and long-term investments
in foreign subsidiaries and affiliates. This reduces the impact of fluctuating foreign currencies on cash flows and shareholders equity. Total foreign currency-denominated debt was $4.5 billion for the years ended December 31, 2009 and
2008. In addition, where practical, the Companys restaurants purchase goods and services in local currencies resulting in natural hedges. See Summary of significant accounting policies note to the consolidated financial statements related to
financial
instruments and hedging activities for additional information regarding the accounting impact and use of derivatives.
The Company does not have significant exposure to any individual counterparty and has master agreements that contain netting arrangements. Certain of these agreements also require each party to post collateral if
credit ratings fall below, or aggregate exposures exceed, certain contractual limits. At December 31, 2009, neither the Company nor its counterparties were required to post collateral on any derivative position, other than on hedges of certain
of the Companys supplemental benefit plan liabilities where our counterparty was required to post collateral on its liability position.
The Companys net asset exposure is diversified among a broad basket of currencies. The Companys largest net asset exposures (defined as foreign currency assets less foreign currency liabilities) at year end were as follows:
Foreign currency net asset exposures
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions of U.S. Dollars |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Euro |
|
$ |
5,151 |
|
$ |
4,551 |
Australian Dollars |
|
|
1,460 |
|
|
1,023 |
Canadian Dollars |
|
|
981 |
|
|
795 |
British Pounds Sterling |
|
|
679 |
|
|
785 |
Russian Ruble |
|
|
501 |
|
|
407 |
The
Company prepared sensitivity analyses of its financial instruments to determine the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates on the Companys results of operations, cash flows and the fair value of
its financial instruments. The interest rate analysis assumed a one percentage point adverse change in interest rates on all financial instruments but did not consider the effects of the reduced level of economic activity that could exist in such an
environment. The foreign currency rate analysis assumed that each foreign currency rate would change by 10% in the same direction relative to the U.S. Dollar on all financial instruments; however, the analysis did not include the potential
impact on revenues, local currency prices or the effect of fluctuating currencies on the Companys anticipated foreign currency royalties and other payments received in the U.S. Based on the results of these analyses of the Companys
financial instruments, neither a one percentage point adverse change in interest rates from 2009 levels nor a 10% adverse change in foreign currency rates from 2009 levels would materially affect the Companys results of operations, cash flows
or the fair value of its financial instruments.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
The Company has long-term contractual obligations primarily in the form of lease obligations (related to both Company-operated and franchised restaurants) and debt
obligations. In addition, the Company has long-term revenue and cash flow streams that relate to its franchise arrangements. Cash provided by operations (including cash provided by these franchise arrangements) along with the Companys
borrowing capacity and other sources of cash will be used to satisfy the obligations. The following table summarizes the Companys contractual obligations and their aggregate maturities as well as future minimum rent payments due to the Company
under existing franchise arrangements as of
25
December 31, 2009. See discussions of cash flows and financial position and capital resources as well as the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractual cash outflows |
|
|
|
Contractual cash inflows |
In millions |
|
Operating leases |
|
Debt obligations(1) |
|
|
|
Minimum rent under franchise arrangements |
2010 |
|
$ 1,119 |
|
$ 18 |
|
|
|
$ 2,294 |
2011 |
|
1,047 |
|
613 |
|
|
|
2,220 |
2012 |
|
963 |
|
2,188 |
|
|
|
2,156 |
2013 |
|
885 |
|
658 |
|
|
|
2,078 |
2014 |
|
806 |
|
460 |
|
|
|
1,987 |
Thereafter |
|
5,897 |
|
6,562 |
|
|
|
15,278 |
Total |
|
$10,717 |
|
$10,499 |
|
|
|
$26,013 |
(1) |
The maturities reflect reclassifications of short-term obligations to long-term obligations of $1.2 billion, as they are supported by a long-term line of credit agreement
expiring in 2012. Debt obligations do not include $80 million of noncash fair value hedging adjustments because these adjustments have no impact on the obligation at maturity, as well as $196 million of accrued interest.
|
The Company maintains certain supplemental benefit plans that allow participants to (i) make tax-deferred
contributions and (ii) receive Company-provided allocations that cannot be made under the qualified benefit plans because of IRS limitations. The investment alternatives and returns are based on certain market-rate investment alternatives under
the Companys qualified Profit Sharing and Savings Plan. Total liabilities for the supplemental plans were $397 million at December 31, 2009 and are reflected on McDonalds Consolidated balance sheet as follows: other long-term
liabilities$362 million, and accrued payroll and other liabilities$35 million. Total liabilities for international retirement plans at December 31, 2009 were $184 million and were primarily reflected in other long-term liabilities.
The Company has also recorded $492 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2009, of which $286 million is included in other long-term liabilities and $206 million is included in deferred income taxes on the Consolidated
balance sheet.
Other Matters
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Companys consolidated financial statements, which
have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities,
revenues and expenses as well as related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual
results may differ from these estimates under various assumptions or conditions.
The Company reviews its financial reporting and
disclosure practices and accounting policies quarterly to ensure that they provide accurate and transparent information relative to the current economic and business environment. The Company believes that of its significant accounting policies, the
following involve a higher degree of judgment and/or complexity:
Property
and equipment are depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives based on managements
estimates of the period over which the assets will generate revenue (not to exceed lease term plus options for leased property). The useful lives are estimated based on historical experience with
similar assets, taking into account anticipated technological or other changes. The Company periodically reviews these lives relative to physical factors, economic factors and industry trends. If there are changes in the planned use of property and
equipment, or if technological changes occur more rapidly than anticipated, the useful lives assigned to these assets may need to be shortened, resulting in the accelerated recognition of depreciation and amortization expense or write-offs in future
periods.
|
|
Share-based compensation |
The
Company has a share-based compensation plan which authorizes the granting of various equity-based incentives including stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) to employees and nonemployee directors. The expense for these equity-based
incentives is based on their fair value at date of grant and generally amortized over their vesting period.
The fair value of each stock
option granted is estimated on the date of grant using a closed-form pricing model. The pricing model requires assumptions, such as the expected life of the stock option, the risk-free interest rate and expected volatility of the Companys
stock over the expected life, which significantly impact the assumed fair value. The Company uses historical data to determine these assumptions and if these assumptions change significantly for future grants, share-based compensation expense will
fluctuate in future years. The fair value of each RSU granted is equal to the market price of the Companys stock at date of grant less the present value of expected dividends over the vesting period.
|
|
Long-lived assets impairment review |
Long-lived assets (including goodwill) are reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In assessing the
recoverability of the Companys long-lived assets, the Company considers changes in economic conditions and makes assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors. Estimates of future cash flows are highly subjective
judgments based on the Companys experience and knowledge of its operations. These estimates can be significantly impacted by many factors including changes in global and local business and economic conditions, operating costs, inflation,
competition, and consumer and demographic trends. A key assumption impacting estimated future cash flows is the estimated change in comparable sales. If the Companys estimates or underlying assumptions change in the future, the Company may be
required to record impairment charges. Based on the annual goodwill impairment test, conducted in the fourth quarter, the Company does not have any reporting units (defined as each individual country) with goodwill currently at risk of impairment.
When the Company sells an existing business to a developmental licensee, it determines when these businesses are held for
sale in accordance with guidance on the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Impairment charges on assets held for sale are recognized when management and, if required, the Companys Board of Directors have approved and committed
to a
26
plan to dispose of the assets, the assets are available for disposal, the disposal is probable of occurring within 12 months, and the net sales proceeds are expected to be less than the
assets net book value, among other factors. An impairment charge is recognized for the difference between the net book value of the business (including foreign currency translation adjustments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income
in shareholders equity) and the estimated cash sales price, less costs of disposal.
An alternative accounting policy would be to
recharacterize some or all of any loss as an intangible asset and amortize it to expense over future periods based on the term of the relevant licensing arrangement and as revenue is recognized for royalties and initial fees. Under this alternative
for the 2007 Latam transaction, approximately $900 million of the $1.7 billion impairment charge could have been recharacterized as an intangible asset and amortized over the franchise term of 20 years, resulting in about $45 million of expense
annually. This policy would be based on a view that the consideration for the sale consists of two componentsthe cash sales price and the future royalties and initial fees.
The Company bases its accounting policy on managements determination that royalties payable under its developmental license arrangements are
substantially consistent with market rates for similar license arrangements. The Company does not believe it would be appropriate to recognize an asset for the right to receive market-based fees in future periods, particularly given the continuing
support and services provided to the licensees. Therefore, the Company believes that the recognition of an impairment charge based on the net cash sales price reflects the substance of the sale transaction.
From time to
time, the Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits and other claims related to competitors, customers, employees, franchisees, government agencies, intellectual property, shareholders and suppliers. The Company is required to assess the
likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of accrual required, if any, for these contingencies is made after careful analysis of each matter. The
required accrual may change in the future due to new developments in each matter or changes in approach such as a change in settlement strategy in dealing with these matters. The Company does not believe that any such matter currently being reviewed
will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
The Company records
a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred assets will not be realized. While the Company has considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax
strategies, including the sale of appreciated assets, in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, if these estimates and assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to adjust its valuation allowance. This could result in a
charge to, or an increase in, income in the period such determination is made.
In addition, the Company operates within multiple taxing
jurisdictions and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions. The
Company records accruals for the estimated outcomes of these audits, and the accruals may change in the future due to new developments in each matter. During 2008, the IRS examination of the
Companys 2005-2006 U.S. tax returns was completed. The tax provision impact associated with the completion of this examination was not significant. During 2007, the Company recorded a $316 million benefit as a result of the completion of an
IRS examination of the Companys 2003-2004 U.S. tax returns. The Companys 2007-2008 U.S. tax returns are currently under examination and the completion of the examination is expected in 2010.
Deferred U.S. income taxes have not been recorded for temporary differences totaling $9.2 billion related to investments in certain foreign
subsidiaries and corporate affiliates. The temporary differences consist primarily of undistributed earnings that are considered permanently invested in operations outside the U.S. If managements intentions change in the future, deferred taxes
may need to be provided.
EFFECTS OF CHANGING PRICESINFLATION
The Company has demonstrated an ability to manage inflationary cost increases effectively. This is because of rapid inventory turnover, the ability to adjust menu prices, cost controls and substantial property
holdings, many of which are at fixed costs and partly financed by debt made less expensive by inflation.
RECONCILIATION OF RETURNS ON INCREMENTAL
INVESTED CAPITAL
Return on incremental invested capital (ROIIC) is a measure reviewed by management over one-year and three-year time periods to
evaluate the overall profitability of the business units, the effectiveness of capital deployed and the future allocation of capital. This measure is calculated using operating income and constant foreign exchange rates to exclude the impact of
foreign currency translation. The numerator is the Companys incremental operating income plus depreciation and amortization from the base period.
The denominator is the weighted-average adjusted cash used for investing activities during the applicable one- or three-year period. Adjusted cash used for investing activities is defined as cash used for investing
activities less cash generated from investing activities related to the Boston Market, Chipotle, Latam, Pret A Manger and Redbox transactions. The weighted-average adjusted cash used for investing activities is based on a weighting applied on a
quarterly basis. These weightings are used to reflect the estimated contribution of each quarters investing activities to incremental operating income. For example, fourth quarter 2009 investing activities are weighted less because the assets
purchased have only recently been deployed and would have generated little incremental operating income (12.5% of fourth quarter 2009 investing activities are included in the one-year and three-year calculations). In contrast, fourth quarter 2008 is
heavily weighted because the assets purchased were deployed more than 12 months ago, and therefore have a full year impact on 2009 operating income, with little or no impact to the base period (87.5% and 100.0% of fourth quarter 2008 investing
activities are included in the one-year and three-year calculations, respectively). Management believes that weighting cash used for investing activities provides a more accurate reflection of the relationship between its investments and returns
than a simple average.
27
The reconciliations to the most comparable measurements, in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the U.S., for the numerator and denominator of the one-year and three-year ROIIC are as follows (dollars in millions):
One-year ROIIC Calculation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31, |
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
Incremental change |
|
NUMERATOR: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income |
|
$ |
6,841.0 |
|
$ |
6,442.9 |
|
$ 398.1 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
1,216.2 |
|
|
1,207.8 |
|
8.4 |
|
Currency translation(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
324.3 |
|
Incremental adjusted operating income plus depreciation and amortization (at
constant foreign exchange rates) |
|
$ 730.8 |
|
DENOMINATOR: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weightedaverage adjusted cash used for investing activities(2) |
|
$1,893.8 |
|
Currency translation(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.1 |
|
Weightedaverage adjusted cash used for investing activities (at constant foreign exchange rates) |
|
$1,924.9 |
|
One-year ROIIC(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38.0 |
% |
(1) |
Represents the effect of foreign currency translation by translating results at an average exchange rate for the periods measured. |
(2) |
Represents one-year weighted-average adjusted cash used for investing activities, determined by applying the weightings below to the adjusted cash used for investing
activities for each quarter in the two-year period ended December 31, 2009. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
Cash used for investing activities |
|
$ |
1,624.7 |
|
|
$ |
1,655.3 |
|
Less: Cash generated from investing activities related to Pret A Manger transaction |
|
|
(229.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Less: Cash generated from investing activities related to Redbox
transaction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(144.9 |
) |
Adjusted cash used for investing activities |
|
$ |
1,854.1 |
|
|
$ |
1,800.2 |
|
AS A PERCENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarters ended: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31 |
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
|
87.5 |
% |
June 30 |
|
|
37.5 |
|
|
|
62.5 |
|
September 30 |
|
|
62.5 |
|
|
|
37.5 |
|
December 31 |
|
|
87.5 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
(3) |
The impact of impairment and other charges (credits), net between 2009 and 2008 benefited the one-year ROIIC by 4.0 percentage points. |
Three-year ROIIC Calculation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31, |
|
2009 |
|
2006 |
|
Incremental change |
|
NUMERATOR: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income |
|
$ |
6,841.0 |
|
$ |
4,433.0 |
|
$2,408.0 |
|
Depreciation and amortization(4) |
|
|
1,216.2 |
|
|
1,191.0 |
|
25.2 |
|
Currency translation(5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(128.6 |
) |
Incremental adjusted operating income plus depreciation and amortization (at
constant foreign exchange rates) |
|
$2,304.6 |
|
DENOMINATOR: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weightedaverage adjusted cash used for investing activities(6) |
|
$5,471.9 |
|
Currency translation(5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(95.5 |
) |
Weightedaverage adjusted cash used for investing activities (at constant foreign exchange rates) |
|
$5,376.4 |
|
Three-year ROIIC(7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42.9 |
% |
(4) |
Represents depreciation and amortization from continuing operations. |
(5) |
Represents the effect of foreign currency translation by translating results at an average exchange rate for the periods measured. |
(6) |
Represents three-year weighted-average adjusted cash used for investing activities, determined by applying the weightings below to the adjusted cash used for investing
activities for each quarter in the four-year period ended December 31, 2009. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
Cash used for investing activities |
|
$ |
1,274.1 |
|
|
$ |
1,150.1 |
|
|
$ |
1,624.7 |
|
|
$ |
1,655.3 |
|
Less: Cash generated from investing activities related to Boston Market & Chipotle |
|
|
(203.8 |
) |
|
|
(184.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Cash generated from investing activities related to Latam transaction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(647.5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Cash generated from investing activities related to Pret A Manger transaction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(229.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Less: Cash generated from investing activities related to Redbox
transaction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(144.9 |
) |
Adjusted cash used for investing activities |
|
$ |
1,477.9 |
|
|
$ |
1,981.9 |
|
|
$ |
1,854.1 |
|
|
$ |
1,800.2 |
|
AS A PERCENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarters ended: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31 |
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
87.5 |
% |
June 30 |
|
|
37.5 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
62.5 |
|
September 30 |
|
|
62.5 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
37.5 |
|
December 31 |
|
|
87.5 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
(7) |
The impact of impairment and other charges (credits), net between 2009 and 2006 benefited the three-year ROIIC by 4.4 percentage points. |
RISK FACTORS AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This report includes forward-looking statements about our plans and future performance, including those under Outlook for 2010. These statements use such words as may, will, expect, believe
and plan. They reflect our expectations and speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake to update them. Our expectations (or the underlying assumptions) may change or not be realized, and you should not rely unduly on
forward-looking statements. We have identified the principal risks and uncertainties that affect our performance elsewhere in this report, and investors are urged to consider these risks and uncertainties when evaluating our historical and expected
performance.
28
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are included in Part II, Item
7, page 24 of the Form 10-K.
ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
29
Consolidated Statement of Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions, except per share data |
|
Years ended December 31, 2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
REVENUES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales by Company-operated restaurants |
|
$15,458.5 |
|
|
$ |
16,560.9 |
|
|
$ |
16,611.0 |
|
Revenues from franchised restaurants |
|
7,286.2 |
|
|
|
6,961.5 |
|
|
|
6,175.6 |
|
Total revenues |
|
22,744.7 |
|
|
|
23,522.4 |
|
|
|
22,786.6 |
|
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company-operated restaurant expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food & paper |
|
5,178.0 |
|
|
|
5,586.1 |
|
|
|
5,487.4 |
|
Payroll & employee benefits |
|
3,965.6 |
|
|
|
4,300.1 |
|
|
|
4,331.6 |
|
Occupancy & other operating expenses |
|
3,507.6 |
|
|
|
3,766.7 |
|
|
|
3,922.7 |
|
Franchised restaurantsoccupancy expenses |
|
1,301.7 |
|
|
|
1,230.3 |
|
|
|
1,139.7 |
|
Selling, general & administrative expenses |
|
2,234.2 |
|
|
|
2,355.5 |
|
|
|
2,367.0 |
|
Impairment and other charges (credits), net |
|
(61.1 |
) |
|
|
6.0 |
|
|
|
1,670.3 |
|
Other operating (income) expense, net |
|
(222.3 |
) |
|
|
(165.2 |
) |
|
|
(11.1 |
) |
Total operating costs and expenses |
|
15,903.7 |
|
|
|
17,079.5 |
|
|
|
18,907.6 |
|
Operating income |
|
6,841.0 |
|
|
|
6,442.9 |
|
|
|
3,879.0 |
|
Interest expensenet of capitalized interest of $11.7, $12.3 and $6.9 |
|
473.2 |
|
|
|
522.6 |
|
|
|
410.1 |
|
Nonoperating (income) expense, net |
|
(24.3 |
) |
|
|
(77.6 |
) |
|
|
(103.2 |
) |
Gain on sale of investment |
|
(94.9 |
) |
|
|
(160.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes |
|
6,487.0 |
|
|
|
6,158.0 |
|
|
|
3,572.1 |
|
Provision for income taxes |
|
1,936.0 |
|
|
|
1,844.8 |
|
|
|
1,237.1 |
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
4,551.0 |
|
|
|
4,313.2 |
|
|
|
2,335.0 |
|
Income from discontinued operations (net of taxes of $34.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60.1 |
|
Net income |
|
$ 4,551.0 |
|
|
$ |
4,313.2 |
|
|
$ |
2,395.1 |
|
Per common sharebasic: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
|
$ 4.17 |
|
|
$ |
3.83 |
|
|
$ |
1.96 |
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
Net income |
|
$ 4.17 |
|
|
$ |
3.83 |
|
|
$ |
2.02 |
|
Per common sharediluted: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
|
$ 4.11 |
|
|
$ |
3.76 |
|
|
$ |
1.93 |
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
Net income |
|
$ 4.11 |
|
|
$ |
3.76 |
|
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
Dividends declared per common share |
|
$ 2.05 |
|
|
$ |
1.625 |
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
Weighted-average shares outstandingbasic |
|
1,092.2 |
|
|
|
1,126.6 |
|
|
|
1,188.3 |
|
Weighted-average shares outstandingdiluted |
|
1,107.4 |
|
|
|
1,146.0 |
|
|
|
1,211.8 |
|
See Notes to
consolidated financial statements.
30
Consolidated Balance Sheet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions, except per share data |
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and equivalents |
|
$ 1,796.0 |
|
|
$ |
2,063.4 |
|
Accounts and notes receivable |
|
1,060.4 |
|
|
|
931.2 |
|
Inventories, at cost, not in excess of market |
|
106.2 |
|
|
|
111.5 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
453.7 |
|
|
|
411.5 |
|
Total current assets |
|
3,416.3 |
|
|
|
3,517.6 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in and advances to affiliates |
|
1,212.7 |
|
|
|
1,222.3 |
|
Goodwill |
|
2,425.2 |
|
|
|
2,237.4 |
|
Miscellaneous |
|
1,639.2 |
|
|
|
1,229.7 |
|
Total other assets |
|
5,277.1 |
|
|
|
4,689.4 |
|
Property and equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, at cost |
|
33,440.5 |
|
|
|
31,152.4 |
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
(11,909.0 |
) |
|
|
(10,897.9 |
) |
Net property and equipment |
|
21,531.5 |
|
|
|
20,254.5 |
|
Total assets |
|
$ 30,224.9 |
|
|
$ |
28,461.5 |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
$ 636.0 |
|
|
$ |
620.4 |
|
Income taxes |
|
202.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other taxes |
|
277.4 |
|
|
|
252.7 |
|
Accrued interest |
|
195.8 |
|
|
|
173.8 |
|
Accrued payroll and other liabilities |
|
1,659.0 |
|
|
|
1,459.2 |
|
Current maturities of long-term debt |
|
18.1 |
|
|
|
31.8 |
|
Total current liabilities |
|
2,988.7 |
|
|
|
2,537.9 |
|
Long-term debt |
|
10,560.3 |
|
|
|
10,186.0 |
|
Other long-term liabilities |
|
1,363.1 |
|
|
|
1,410.1 |
|
Deferred income taxes |
|
1,278.9 |
|
|
|
944.9 |
|
Shareholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 165.0 million shares; issued none |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value; authorized 3.5 billion shares; issued 1,660.6 million shares |
|
16.6 |
|
|
|
16.6 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
4,853.9 |
|
|
|
4,600.2 |
|
Retained earnings |
|
31,270.8 |
|
|
|
28,953.9 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
747.4 |
|
|
|
101.3 |
|
Common stock in treasury, at cost; 583.9 and 545.3 million shares |
|
(22,854.8 |
) |
|
|
(20,289.4 |
) |
Total shareholders equity |
|
14,033.9 |
|
|
|
13,382.6 |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
|
$ 30,224.9 |
|
|
$ |
28,461.5 |
|
See Notes to
consolidated financial statements.
31
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In millions |
|
Years ended December 31, 2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ 4,551.0 |
|
|
$ 4,313.2 |
|
|
$ 2,395.1 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile to cash provided by operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charges and credits: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
1,216.2 |
|
|
1,207.8 |
|
|
1,214.1 |
|
Deferred income taxes |
|
203.0 |
|
|
101.5 |
|
|
(39.1 |
) |
Income taxes audit benefit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(316.4 |
) |
Impairment and other charges (credits), net |
|
(61.1 |
) |
|
6.0 |
|
|
1,670.3 |
|
Gain on sale of investment |
|
(94.9 |
) |
|
(160.1 |
) |
|
|
|
Gains on dispositions of discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(68.6 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
112.9 |
|
|
112.5 |
|
|
142.4 |
|
Other |
|
(347.1 |
) |
|
90.5 |
|
|
(85.3 |
) |
Changes in working capital items: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
(42.0 |
) |
|
16.1 |
|
|
(100.2 |
) |
Inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
1.0 |
|
|
(11.0 |
) |
|
(29.6 |
) |
Accounts payable |
|
(2.2 |
) |
|
(40.1 |
) |
|
(36.7 |
) |
Income taxes |
|
212.1 |
|
|
195.7 |
|
|
71.8 |
|
Other accrued liabilities |
|
2.1 |
|
|
85.1 |
|
|
58.5 |
|
Cash provided by operations |
|
5,751.0 |
|
|
5,917.2 |
|
|
4,876.3 |
|
Investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment expenditures |
|
(1,952.1 |
) |
|
(2,135.7 |
) |
|
(1,946.6 |
) |
Purchases of restaurant businesses |
|
(145.7 |
) |
|
(147.0 |
) |
|
(228.8 |
) |
Sales of restaurant businesses and property |
|
406.0 |
|
|
478.8 |
|
|
364.7 |
|
Latam transaction, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
647.5 |
|
Proceeds on sale of investment |
|
144.9 |
|
|
229.4 |
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from disposals of discontinued operations, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
194.1 |
|
Other |
|
(108.4 |
) |
|
(50.2 |
) |
|
(181.0 |
) |
Cash used for investing activities |
|
(1,655.3 |
) |
|
(1,624.7 |
) |
|
(1,150.1 |
) |
Financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net short-term borrowings |
|
(285.4 |
) |
|
266.7 |
|
|
101.3 |
|
Long-term financing issuances |
|
1,169.3 |
|
|
3,477.5 |
|
|
2,116.8 |
|
Long-term financing repayments |
|
(664.6 |
) |
|
(2,698.5 |
) |
|
(1,645.5 |
) |
Treasury stock purchases |
|
(2,797.4 |
) |
|
(3,919.3 |
) |
|
(3,943.0 |
) |
Common stock dividends |
|
(2,235.5 |
) |
|
(1,823.4 |
) |
|
(1,765.6 |
) |
Proceeds from stock option exercises |
|
332.1 |
|
|
548.2 |
|
|
1,137.6 |
|
Excess tax benefit on share-based compensation |
|
73.6 |
|
|
124.1 |
|
|
203.8 |
|
Other |
|
(13.1 |
) |
|
(89.8 |
) |
|
(201.7 |
) |
Cash used for financing activities |
|
(4,421.0 |
) |
|
(4,114.5 |
) |
|
(3,996.3 |
) |
Effect of exchange rates on cash and equivalents |
|
57.9 |
|
|
(95.9 |
) |
|
123.3 |
|
Cash and equivalents increase (decrease) |
|
(267.4 |
) |
|
82.1 |
|
|
(146.8 |
) |
Cash and equivalents at beginning of year |
|
2,063.4 |
|
|
1,981.3 |
|
|
2,128.1 |
|
Cash and equivalents at end of year |
|
$ 1,796.0 |
|
|
$ 2,063.4 |
|
|
$ 1,981.3 |
|
Supplemental cash flow disclosures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid |
|
$ 468.7 |
|
|
$ 507.8 |
|
|
$ 392.7 |
|
Income taxes paid |
|
1,683.5 |
|
|
1,294.7 |
|
|
1,436.2 |
|
See
Notes to consolidated financial statements.
32
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock issued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
Common stock in treasury |
|
|
|
|
In millions, except per share data |
|
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred hedging adjustment |
|
|
Foreign currency translation |
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
Shares |
|
Amount |
|
|
|
|
Pensions |
|
|
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
|
1,660.6 |
|
$ |
16.6 |
|
$ |
3,445.0 |
|
$ |
25,845.6 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
(89.0 |
) |
|
$ |
(7.8 |
) |
|
$ |
(199.9 |
) |
|
|
|
(456.9 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,552.2 |
) |
|
$ |
15,458.3 |
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,395.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,395.1 |
|
Translation adjustments (including taxes of $41.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
804.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
804.8 |
|
Latam historical translation adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
769.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
769.5 |
|
Adjustments to cash flow hedges (including taxes of $2.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.5 |
|
Adjustments related to pensions (including taxes of $19.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51.3 |
|
Comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,029.2 |
|
Common stock cash dividends ($1.50 per share) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,765.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,765.6 |
) |
Treasury stock purchases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(77.1 |
) |
|
|
(3,948.8 |
) |
|
|
(3,948.8 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
142.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
142.4 |
|
Adjustment to initially apply guidance on accounting for sabbatical leave (including tax
benefits of $18.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(36.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(36.1 |
) |
Adjustment to initially apply guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income
taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.1 |
|
Stock option exercises and other (including tax benefits of $246.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
639.3 |
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38.7 |
|
|
|
738.6 |
|
|
|
1,380.3 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
|
1,660.6 |
|
|
16.6 |
|
|
4,226.7 |
|
|
26,461.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
(37.7 |
) |
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
1,374.4 |
|
|
|
|
(495.3 |
) |
|
|
(16,762.4 |
) |
|
|
15,279.8 |
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,313.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,313.2 |
|
Translation adjustments (including tax benefits of $190.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,223.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,223.0 |
) |
Adjustments to cash flow hedges (including taxes of $29.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47.3 |
|
Adjustments related to pensions (including tax benefits of $29.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(60.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(60.4 |
) |
Comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,077.1 |
|
Common stock cash dividends ($1.625 per share) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,823.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,823.4 |
) |
Treasury stock purchases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(69.7 |
) |
|
|
(3,980.9 |
) |
|
|
(3,980.9 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|